[初一英语]串讲词汇语法.ppt

Part One Special Uses of Nouns Note: 作为整体使用时，集体名词视为单数，谓语动词相应为单数；强调个体成员时，集体名词视为复数，谓语动词相应为复数 The family ______the basic unit of our society. ( is, are) The family ______agreed among themselves to present a solid front. (has, have) 2) The class _____ big. ( is, are) The class _____taking notes in English. (is, are) 3) The committee _____ (favor) early adoption of the plan. The Committee of Public Safety ______ (quarrel) as to who is its next chairman should be. 一般不可数名词前不用a/an，但是当物质名 词和抽象名词用来表示具体、个别的事物 时，通常是可数的。 Some rich men live in luxury. A refrigerator is a luxury here. 当物质名词用于表示“各种不同品种”时，转化为可数名词。 This is a store selling many different teas. 4. Regular plural forms The plural of a noun is usually made by adding s to the singular: days, dogs Nouns ending in o or ch, sh, ss or x form their plural by adding es: tomatoes, brushes, boxes, churches, kisses Notes: if words ending in o following a consonant form their plural by adding es: heroes, potatoes But if words ending in o following a vowel : form their plural by adding s: radios, zoos, studios Words of foreign origin or abbreviated words ending in o add s only: pianos, kilos, photos 3) Nouns ending in y following a consonant form their plural by dropping the y and adding ies: Baby—babies, fly—flies, lady—ladies Nouns ending in y following a vowel form their plural by adding s: keys, boys, days, guys 4) Fifteen nouns ending in f or fe drop the f or fe and add ves. They are: calf, half, knife, leaf, life, loaf, self, sheaf, shelf, thief, wife, wolf, hoof, scarf, wharf Wife—wives wolf—wolves Other words ending in f or fe add s in the ordinary way: cliffs, handkerchiefs, safes 5. Irregular plural forms 1) A few nouns form their plural by a vowel change: foot—feet, mouse—mice, Woman—women, goose—geese 2) The plurals of child and ox are children, oxen. 3) A few words don’t change: sheep, deer, fish, aircraft, Chinese, Japanese 4) Some words of foreign origin remain the