解析丹麦的后发展道路-SitesDuke.PDFVIP

解析丹麦的后发展道路 【内容提要】本文探讨丹麦在一战前的经济发展道路。本文建立在现有的以国 家或社会为主的解释基础上，指出理解丹麦后不同的发展道路的关键是国际政治 环境以及国家对这个环境的反应。早期的军事竞争给丹麦政权带来了整合国内政 治势力的紧迫感和推动经济发展的愿望，这直接导致国家抑制贵族势力和培育独 立农民的措施，从而为 19 世纪农业发展和产品升级奠定了基础。但是，丹麦在 欧洲军事竞争中的失利使其逐渐放弃争霸，转而依附强权。这一变化使其政权在 19 世纪下半期失去了介入经济的紧迫感和动力，因此丹麦19 世纪的经济发展成 为一种渐进的市场导向的发展。 【关键词】丹麦、后发展、军事竞争、独立农民、产品升级 【作者简介】朱天飚，北京大学政府管理学院副教授、副院长、北京大学欧洲 研究中心副主任。 Explaining Denmark’s Late Development Abstract: This paper explains the path of Denmark’s late development before the World War I. Against the existing state- or society-centered explanations, this paper argues that the key to understanding Denmark ’s late development is international political context and how the Danish state reacted to it. International military competition in the early years created pressure for the Danish state to re-organize domestic forces and to engage in economic development, which directly led to the policies of controlling noble forces and promoting independent farmers, and this paved the way for agricultural development and product upgrading in the 19th century. However, as Denmark gradually lost its position in international military competition, the state changed its strategy to become dependent on big powers. This change reduced pressure for the state to intervene in domestic economy and the mode of Denmark’s economic development therefore shifted towards a gradual market-led development in the 19th century. Key Words: Late development, Military competition, Independent farmers, Product upgrading, Denmark Author: Tianbiao ZHU, Associate Professor and Associate Dean, School of Government; Associate Director, Center for European Studies, Peking University. 1 后发展与丹麦 后发展（late development ）的概念是经济史学家亚历山大 ·葛先克隆 （Alexander Gersch