[英语学习]8semantics语义学.pptVIP

Chapter 5 semantics 5.1 what is Semantics about? The study of meaning 5.2 about meaning 1 Saussure’s theory ( signifier and signified) 2 Ogden’sRichard’s Theory(referential theory) 3 leech’s classification Saussure’s sign theory The denotation of a word consists of a signifier(能指)(the thing that signifies) and signified(所指)(the thing that is signified) Saussure’s linguistic sign is the combination of certain sound sequence with certain meaning structure. Eg /dog/=signifier Animal==signified /tri:/=signifier Plant=signified Nominalism （naming theory）名实论，命名论）（an intrinsic property） Plato:The linguistic forms or symbols，ie，the words used in a language are taken to be labels of the objects they stand for. So words are just names or labels for things。 Aristotle Chinese Confucius 名实论《论语》 名不正，则言不隼。言不训， 则事不兴。 Language and thinking Limitations?（NA） 1.Nouns only?NA）V adj adv eg， think hard slowly 1.Not real things：（NA）eg：Ghost dragon unicorn（独角兽） （not real） abstract notions：joy sadness impulse Ogden’sRichard’s Theory (referential theory) 3 concepts: symbol ,referent ,thought(referent) (when we name an object,it is our thought(reference) that link the symbol and the actual object(referent)together (conceptualism)概念论 thought(reference) Conceptualism(mentalism)（概念论） Fe.de Saussure Sign theory/Signifier能指 施指 signified 所指 受指 sound image and a concept are linked by a psychological “associative” bond “Semantic triangle” （Ogden— Richards） （Classic theory） Symbollinguistic elements(words,phrases) Referent-object in the world of experience Reference(thought)concept Eg.dog The dog over there looked unfriendly. Limitation: controversy Not precise link unclear Psychological image Classification of lexical meaning Leech〈1981〉has broken down meaning into seven types．including thematic meaning. But here we will leave out thematic meaning, which is essentially a type of syntactic meaning, and focus on the classification of lexical meanings