Sibilants(齿擦音).doc

The Introduction of Linguistics Written by Juinan Chien @ All copyrights are reserved by Juinan Chien. Recopy is prohibited. Ch1.What is Language Arbitrary: The arbitrary relationship between the form (sounds) and meaning (concept) of a word. Onomatopoeic: The sound of the words supposedly imitates the sounds of nature. Linguistic Competence : Speakers of all languages have the knowledge to understand or produce or produce sentences. Linguistic Performance : How the speakers use linguistic competence in actual speech production and comprehension. Descriptive Grammar : It describes your basic linguistic knowledge . It explains how it is possible for you to speak and understand , and it tells what you know about the sounds ,words ,phrase, and sentences of your language. Prescriptive Grammar : A grammar that attempts to legislate what your grammar should be. Teaching Grammar : Teaching Grammar is written to help people learn a foreign language or a dialect of their own language. Universal Grammar : It forms the basis of the specific grammars of all possible human languages . Ch2. Phonetics Phonetics: The study of speech sounds that are utilized by all human languages to represent meanings is called phonetics. Acoustic Phonetics: The study of the physical properties of the sounds. Auditory Phonetics: The study of how the vocal tract products the sounds of language. Articulator Phonetics: The study of the way listeners perceives these sounds. Voiceless Sounds: If the vocal cords are apart, the sounds produced in this way are voiceless sounds. Voiced Sounds: If the vocal cords are together, the sounds produced in this way are voiced sounds. Labials: By moving the tongue and lips we are able to change the oral shape and producing different meanings. Bilabials :Bring both lips together: p , b, m Interdentals: Alveolars:d,n,t,s,z Velar: k, g, Palatal (alveopalatal, post alveolar): , , , , Fricative: f ,v, s, z, h, , , ,