Household Structure, Dynamics, and Economics in a 家庭结构，动力学，和经济学中的一个.pptVIP

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Household Structure, Dynamics, and Economics in a 家庭结构，动力学，和经济学中的一个.ppt

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Household Structure, Dynamics, and Economics in a 家庭结构，动力学，和经济学中的一个

Landsat-5 satellite image + ORKNEY ISLANDS 59°N 3°W The location of the Orkney Islands off the north coast of northern Scotland in Great Britain. The Orkney islands of Scotland. The named islands make up the portion of Orkney included in Penn State’s North Orkney Population History Project. NORTH ORKNEY Westray Papay North Ronaldsay Sanday Eday Faray Landsat-5 satellite image A view over the island of Eday, north Orkney. Because of its higher elevations and wetter climate, Eday has abundant natural deposits of peat, which was once cut and exported to the rest of north Orkney for use as fuel. An abandoned farmhouse on the island of Faray, north Orkney. Archaeological surveys of old farmsteads and detailed mapping of the physical landscape allow us to link demographic records on households to the sites they once occupied. The abandoned croft complex of Ha’ouse on the island of Westray, the single most complicated of the farmsteads included in our historical archaeological survey. Behind it is the tidal bay called The Ouse, where the original Viking settlers landed in the tenth century. Like most place names in north Orkney, Ouse and Ha’ouse are Norse (Scandinavian) in origin and probably date to the Viking period. Bere, an old Scottish landrace of barley Potatoes (introduced in the 17th or 18th century) Turnips (introduced in the 19th century) Black oats The staple food and fodder crops of nineteenth-century Orkney North Ronaldsay sheep, a rare and ancient breed once confined to the Orkney Islands. Most of the year they are kept on the shingle (stony beachfront) where they graze on seaweed. Ancient stone walls keep them away from cultivated land. Feeding hens in north Orkney, c. 1900 Burning seaweed to produce kelp, a source of alkali for the production of glass and industrial dyes. Packing dried fish(mostly cod and saithe) for export. A lobster fisherman on his way to work. Spinning wool to make knitted goods for sale. Commercial work in north Orkney, c. 1