[经济学]Ch03-consumer behavior.pptVIP

103 54 42 27 49 42 54 42 61 42 65 42 78 70 71 76 81 81 84 86 93 97 97 102 109 110 111 112 115 * WARP是对消费者选择行为一致性假设，类似于对偏好的理性假设 Chapter 3 * ?2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Revealed Preferences If we know the choices a consumer has made, we can determine what their preferences are if we have information about a sufficient number of choices that are made when prices and incomes vary. Chapter 3 * ?2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Revealed Preferences – Two Budget Lines l1 l2 B A I1: Choose A over B A is revealed preferred to B l2: Choose B over D B is revealed preferred to D Food (units per month) Clothing (units per month) D Chapter 3 * ?2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Revealed Preferences – Two Budget Lines l1 l2 B A Food (units per month) Clothing (units per month) D All market baskets in the pink shaded area are preferred to A. B is preferred to all market baskets in the yellow area A点是任选的。在选定A点的情况下任意选择预算线I1上的消费组合点B，如果A对B都有显示性偏好，则A点是预算线I1上能达到的最大效用水平的消费组合。因此A点偏好于所有预算线I1内的消费组合点。B点所代表的消费组合对预算线I2上在B点以下的任意消费组合都是显示性偏好的，则B点的效益水平显然是该段预算线上的消费组合所能达到的最大效用水平。 Chapter 3 * ?2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Revealed Preference As you continue to change the budget line, individuals can tell you which basket they prefer to others The more the individual reveals, the more you can discern about their preferences Eventually you can map out an indifference curve Chapter 3 * ?2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All market baskets in the pink area preferred to A Food (units per month) Revealed Preferences – Four Budget Lines Clothing (units per month) l1 l2 l3 l4 A: preferred to all market baskets in the yellow area E B A G I3: E revealed preferred to A I4: G revealed preferred to A Chapter 3 * ?2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Marginal Utility The principle of diminishing marginal utility states that as more of a good is consumed, the additional utility the consumer gains will be smaller and smaller Note that total utility will continue to increase since consumer makes choices that make them happier