[工程科技]Use of Replication TABLE OF CONTENTS.pdfVIP

Reliable Networked and Distributed Systems Use of Replication © Ravishankar Iyer and Zbigniew Kalbarczyk TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 2: Use of Replication1 1 Replication in Hardware 2 1.1 Major Systems 2 1.2 Synchronization and Voting 3 1.3 Error Recovery and Integration 3 2 Replication in Software4 2.1 At the Operating System Level 4 2.2 Between Hardware and Operating System4 2.3 Between Operating System and User Application 5 2.4 At the User Level5 2.5 In CORBA6 3 The Problem of Nondeterminism7 4 Replication of Multithreaded Applications8 4.1 System Model: Definitions, and Assumptions 9 4.2 Specification of the LSA Algorithm12 4.2.1 Algorithm Overview 12 4.2.2 Detailed LSA Algorithm Description 13 4.2.3 Failure Free Behavior14 4.2.4 Failure Behavior with Error-free Leader-to-Follower Communication15 4.2.5 Failure Behavior with Byzantine Errors in Leader-to-Follower Communication19 4.3 Specification of the PDS Algorithm20 4.3.1 PDS-1 Algorithm Overview20 4.3.2 PDS-2 Algorithm Overview22 4.3.3 Detailed PDS-2 Algorithm Description 23 4.3.4 Dynamic Mutex and Thread Creation24 4.4 Application-Transparent Replication Framework 25 4.4.1 Using LSA and PDS with Majority Voting25 4.4.2 LSA and PDS Implementations 26 4.4.3 Virtual Socket Layer 26 4.4.4 Voter/Fanout Process 26 4.5 Performance-Dependability Trade-offs27 4.5.1 Performance Evaluation 27 4.5.2 Dependability Evaluation29