Chapter-7.Formal-and-informal-style正式与非正式语体-ppt.pptVIP

Part Seven Formal and Informal Styles Contents 1. The meaning of style 2. The elements that makes a style 3. Tips to write a more formal paper 1. The meaning of style --- a writer’s habitual or peculiar way of using language; --- the prevalent features of the language of a certain period; --- the characteristic aspects of the language of a certain type of writing; --- the grace or elegance in writing 2. The elements that makes a style The tone, vocabulary, and syntax 3. Tips to write a more formal paper Avoid using colloquial and slang words/expressions Don’t use: good, bad, fine, kid, guy, cool, lousy,… Instead we make them clear, distinctive, and impressive words: a diligent student, a responsible husband, a feasible idea, an agreeable weather, a crying child, an unscrupulous (无耻的，肆无忌惮的) exploitation, a retrospective man Formal writing is more likely to use words of Latin and Greek origin than words of German and Old English origin. eg. Less formal words: begin, deep, lucky, end v., build, raise, clear, same, try, strange More formal words: commence, profound, fortunate, terminate, construct, elevate, explicit, identical, endeavor, eccentric Avoid contractions Write out full words – cannot, will not, should not, must not, do not … Avoid using abbreviated words Use full versions: eg. photo, TV, sth, sb, ads, fridge, vet, bike, gym, pop… The following expressions are expected: photograph, television, something, somebody, advertisement, refrigerator, veteran, bicycle, gymnasium, popular… Use passive voice e.g. It has been noticed that… It is estimated that… There has been an increasing interest in… Omit needless words eg. You know, you see, let’s see, as I know, well, State your points confidently and offer your argument firm support. Write in third person Longer and more complex sentences are preferred Avoid addressing readers using second person pronouns Use: one