第六章 AD—AS 模型.pptVIP

第六章 AD—AS 模型Chapter 6 AD—AS Model Main Contents of the Chapter 1.Aggregate Demand Curve 2.What is the short run and the long run in macroeconomics? 3.Aggregate Supply Curve 4.AD-AS Model 前面关于简单国民收入决定模型(NI-AE model)、IS—LM模型的讨论，都是假定一般价格水平固定不变(p=p0)，因此没有说明产量（国民收入）和价格水平之间的关系。 本章总需求和总供给模型的论述则取消了价格水平固定不变的假定，着重说明产量和价格水平之间的关系以及价格和产量水平的决定。 In this chapter we will cancel the assuption and focus on the relationship between price and output the determination of price and output. Section 1 Aggregate Demand Curve 1.1 总需求ＡＤ的概念 the concept of AD 1.2 价格水平与AE的关系 the relationship between the price level and AE 1.3 AD曲线的推导 the derivation of AD curve 1.4 AD函数与AD曲线 the AD function and AD curve 1.5 AD曲线的移动 the shift of AD curve 1.1 总需求ＡＤ的概念 the concept of AD 1.1.1总需求AD是经济社会对产品和劳务的需求总量，通常以产出水平来表示。总需求由消费需求、投资需求、政府需求和国外需求构成。 AD= C+I+G + (X-M) = AE Aggregate demand is the economic and social demand for products and services, usually expressed as a level of output. Aggregate demand is formed by consumer demand, investment demand, government demand and foreign demand. 1.1.2总需求的变化the change of AD 除了受价格水平、人们的收入、对未来的预期等因素外，还包括税收、政府购买或货币供给量政策变量。 In addition to the price level, the changes in aggregate demand is influenced by peoples income, expectations for the future and other factors, but also including taxes, government purchase or money supply. 1.1.3总需求函数 AD function 是产量（国民收入）和价格水平之间的关系，表示在某个特定的价格水平下，经济社会需要多高水平的收入或产量。 被定义为：产量（国民收入）和价格水平的关系，即 Y=F(P) 1.1.4总需求曲线 是指在各种价格水平上，产品市场和货币市场同时均衡条件下的国民收入水平的轨迹。 AD curve shows the combination of output and the price level at which the commodity and money markets are simultaneously in equilibrium. 1.2.2 消费的实际货币余额效应Real money balance effect to consumption 亦称庇古的财富效应 Pigous wealth effect P??货币的实际购买力? ? AE ? 实际货币余额是指名义货币存量同价格水平的比值，即M/P，于是消费函数可以写为： C=f（y，M/P） 价格水平下降，人们持有的实际货币余额及其他以货币固定价值的资产的实际价值就增加，人们会变得相对富裕，于是人们的消费支出将增加。同时价格水平