[英语学习]Caring for 1 No1Clients with Fluid_Electroleyte_and Acid-base Imbalances.pptVIP

Two fluid locations and subdivisions Intracellular fluid Extracellular fluid Intravascular fluid: in the plasma Interstitial fluid: between cells Fluid intake The volume of fluid in each location varies with age and sex. infant body contains more body water. In health adults, oral fluid intake average about 2500mL/day,range between 1800-3000 with a similar volum of fluid loss. A standard formula for calculating daily fluid intake 100ml/kg for the first 10kg of weight + 50ml/kg for the next 10kg of weight + 15 ml/kg per remaining kilograms of weight Fluid output Body loses fluid primary through urination ,in a proportionate volume to maintain or restore equilibrium. bowel elimination, Breathing perspiration Translocation (move back and forth) of fluid and exchange of chemicals is continuous in and among all areas of water location. electrolytes: substances that when dissolved in fluid carry an electrical charge Acids: substances that release hydrogen into fluid Bases:substances that bind with hydrogen Fluid ,electrolytes,acids and bases balance is ensured by intake of water and nutrients, physiologic mechanisms that regulate fluid volume,and chemical processes that buffer the blood to keep its pH nearly neutral. Fluid and electrolyte regulation Osmoreceptors(i.e,ADH) Renin –angiotensin-aldosterone system Atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP) osmoreceptors Fluid volume is regulated primaryly by the excretion of water in the form of urine and promotion of thirst. Atrial Natriurtic Peptide(心房尿钠肽） A hormone-like substance produced by the heart’s atrial muscle. Released in response to overstretching of atrial wall Reduces the increased blood volume of heart by inhibiting release of renin, aldosterone, and ADH, increasing urine production and directing the kidneys to excrete sodium in urine. Fluid and Electrolyte distribution Once water and electrolytes are absorbed, physiologic process govern their movement and relocation at the cellular level. The process include Osmosis