[管理学]Mankiw Economics Chap_22 中山大学吴柏林教授“曼昆·经济学原理”绝密资料.ppt

* * * * * * * 7 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Real versus Nominal GDP An accurate view of the economy requires adjusting nominal to real GDP by using the GDP deflator. GDP Deflator The GDP deflator measures the current level of prices relative to the level of prices in the base year. It tells us the rise in nominal GDP that is attributable to a rise in prices rather than a rise in the quantities produced. GDP Deflator The GDP deflator is calculated as follows: Converting Nominal GDP to Real GDP Nominal GDP is converted to real GDP as follows: Real and Nominal GDP Real and Nominal GDP Real and Nominal GDP Real and Nominal GDP (Periods of falling real GDP) Real GDP in the United States 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 Billions of 1992 Dollars 2000 8,000 GDP and Economic Well-Being GDP is the best single measure of the economic well-being of a society. GDP per person tells us the income and expenditure of the average person in the economy. GDP and Economic Well-Being Higher GDP per person indicates a higher standard of living. GDP is not a perfect measure of the happiness or quality of life, however. GDP and Economic Well-Being Some things that contribute to well-being are not included in GDP. The value of leisure. The value of a clean environment. The value of almost all activity that takes place outside of markets, such as the value of the time parents spend with their children and the value of volunteer work. GDP, Life Expectancy, and Literacy Summary Because every transaction has a buyer and a seller, the total expenditure in the economy must equal the total income in the economy. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures an economy’s total expenditure on newly produced goods and services and the total income earned from the production of these goods and services. Summary GDP is the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time. GDP is divided among