密度矩阵相同的系综的可区分性与液体核磁共振量子计算的性质.pptVIP

密度矩阵相同的系综的可区分性与液体核磁共振量子计算的性质.ppt

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密度矩阵相同的系综的可区分性与液体核磁共振量子计算的性质

Distinction of ensembles with the same density matrix R. Penrose, A. Shimony, N. Cartwright and S. Hawking,The Large, the Small and The Human Mind, Cambridge University Press, 1997. PP.81 Penrose doubts the completeness of the density description. In an example where I and my colleague at the Moon each hold a particle from an EPR pair, Penrose states that However, it is hard to take the position that the density matrix describes reality. The trouble is that I do not know that I might not, sometimes later, get a message from the Moon, telling me that my colleague actually measured the state and found the answer to be such and such. Then, I know what my particless state must actually be. The density matrix did not tell me everything about the state of my particle. For that, I really need to know the actual state of the combined pair. So, the density matrix is sort of provisional description, and that is why it is sometimes called FAPP(i.e., for all practical purposes) Ensembles with the same density matrix but prepared in different ways are usually physically distinguishable. They are equivalent only in the sense of the expectation value. We suggest that: General Method for Distinguishing Ensembles with the same density matrix Quant-ph/0408079 Los Alamos archive Note the difference between an ensemble of N molecules and an N-particle BEC. But difference can be seen in fluctuation. Ensemble of N molecules with 7 qubits in each molecule. The second term is composition sensitive. G L Long et al quant-ph/0408079 The wave function of the whole ensemble. Again pay attention to the difference from a BEC We show that for 2-qubit system, ensembles with the same density matrix can also be distinguished through physical means. The two ensembles are indistinguishable in the expectation values. But they are distinguishable in the fluctuation.. Application to the debate on the nature of NMR quantum computation 7个比特是目前国际上演示的最高比特数目 Nature,404,368(2000) 武汉物理数学所组 Quant-ph/0301041,

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