从审父到释父——父子伦理视角下普伦蒂斯的心智成长.pdf

从“审父”到“释父” ——父子伦理视角下普伦蒂斯的心智成长 郭国良 内容摘要：格雷厄姆 ·斯威夫特的《羽毛球》是作家早年创作的饱含意蕴之作。由于小说 主人公普伦蒂斯的叙述弥漫着许多不确定因素，对其故事的阐释和解读也宛若空中拍打的 羽毛球 , 来回闪现 , 令人眼花缭乱。可以说，普伦蒂斯与父亲的关系是小说的关键所在， 从父子伦理入手，借用精神分析学“审父”和“弑父”等概念来剖析这部小说，就能发现 普伦蒂斯自由意志与理性意志的转化过程恰恰反映了他的心智成长历程。在这一历程中， 镜子般的父亲及精神之父奎恩无疑对普伦蒂斯的自我反省、自我道德修养境界的提升起着 举足轻重的伦理作用。 关键词：格雷厄姆 ·斯威夫特；《羽毛球》；普伦蒂斯；伦理；精神分析法 作者简介：郭国良，浙江大学外国语言文化与国际交流学院副教授，主要从事当代英国小 说和短篇小说理论研究。 Title: Prentis’s Cultivation of Mind: An Interpretation of Shuttlecock from the Perspective of Filial Ethics Abstract: As Graham Swift’s early masterpiece, Shuttlecock impresses readers with its protagonist named Prentis. Much uncertainty pervades his narration, thus the interpretation of his story is just like a dazzlingly flying shuttlecock. The relationship between Prentis and his father, so to speak, is the key to the novel, therefore this paper attempts to interpret Prentis’s cultivation of mind from the perspective of filial ethics in virtue of essential concepts from psychoanalysis. The process of cultivation exactly manifests the transformation of his free will and rational will, during which both his mirror-like father and so-called spiritual father Quinn undoubtedly exert a significant ethical influence on his self-reflection and self-cultivation of morality. Key words: Graham Swift; Shuttlecock; Prentis; ethics; psychoanalysis Author: Guo Guoliang is associate professor of English at the School of International Studies, Zhejiang University (Hangzhou 310058, China). His research fields are contemporary British novels and short story theory. Email: guoliangguo88@163.com 作为 20 世纪八十年代以来活跃于英国文坛的重要小说家，格雷厄姆·斯威夫特 (Graham Swift,1949—) 凭借其独特的创作风格赢得了越来越多的赞誉和关注。但遗憾的是， 关于他的第二部小说《羽毛球》（Shuttlecock，1981），国内外的评论为数不多。批评家 大都认为小说中充斥着许多不确定因素，因而它的真相有无数种可能①，评论者们只能用“可 2� 外国文学研究 2016 年第 3 期 能”或“很有可能”来讲述普伦蒂斯的故事。譬如，温博格认为，“《羽毛球》陷入了一 Winnberg 108 片不确定因素的泥沼” （ ）。基于小说结尾处的下面这段话—— “一本书的 意义多少存在于文字中，多少在于字里行间？读者不要过