年产2.2万吨氯乙烯车间精馏工段工艺设计.docVIP

年产2.2万吨氯乙烯车间精馏段工艺设计 摘要 氯乙烯又名乙烯基氯（Vinyl chloride）是一种应用于高分子化工的重要的单体，可由乙烯或乙炔制得。为无色、易液化气体，沸点-13.9℃，临界温度142℃，临界压力5.22MPa。氯乙烯是有毒物质。它与空气形成爆炸混合物，爆炸极限4％～22％（体积），在压力下更易爆炸，贮运时必须注意容器的密闭及氮封，并应添加少量阻聚剂。 在世界上氯乙烯与乙烯和氢氧化钠等是并列的最重要的化工产品之一。 它以其低廉的价格和非常突出的均衡性能而成为十分理想的材料。 国外只有少数公司使用乙炔法生产氯乙烯单体，而我国70%的厂家则采用此种方法，因此它具有设备、工艺简单，投资低，小规模经营的特点。由于我国经济的稳定增长，对乙烯的需求量很大，对原料的需求也逐渐增加。因此氯乙烯的发展前景非常良好。 本文对年产2.2万吨VC精制工段进行了工艺设计。简单介绍了VC合成工段的生产方法、原理、工艺流程，对主要设备参数等进行了计算及设计。通过对原料、中间产物、产品的各种性质的分析和氯乙烯单体合成工段生产原理的了解和掌握，制定出了合理的生产方案及工艺流程。同时以设计任务以及计算机为辅助,对氯乙烯精制工段中的低沸塔进行了物料衡算，热量衡算，塔及其附属设备的计算。最终完成了设备尺寸型号的确定及对设备材质的选择等工作，并绘制了相应的工艺流程图和设备图。 关键词：氯乙烯；低沸塔；工艺流程；设计计算 Abstract Vinyl chloride is a kind of important application in polymer chemicals, produced by the monomer Vinyl or acetylene system.It is a colorless gas,which is liquefied easily, boiling point is -13.9 ° c, and the critical temperature is 1420C, critical pressure is 522 MPa. VC is toxic substances. It with air mixture formation explosion, explosion limit 4% ~ 22 (size), under pressure to blast, shipping containers must notice the airtight sealing and nitrogen, and shall add a inhibitor. In the world, VC ethylene and sodium hydroxide and others are parallel to one of the most important chemical products . It is its low price and very outstanding balance of performance become a very good material.Only a minority of foreign companies use the acetylene to produce vinyl chloride monomer, and 70% of the manufacturers use the method, so it has the brief equipment and low investment, simple operation,management on small scale. Because of Chinas economic growth steadily, the demand of ethylene, demand for raw materials will increase gradually. Therefore the development foreground is very good . In this paper, the production route and process principle for 120,000 ton VC refining unit were discussed. The design and calculation is based on the vinyl chloride production methods, combined with the actual conditions in China established production process. And Section of the vi