中考复习时态.语态专项.docxVIP

时态一般现在时用法表示现在的状态；表示经常性或习惯性的动作；表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等；表示客观真理。构成主语是第三人称单数时，动词用第三人称单数形式；其他情况用动词原形。时间状语sometimes,often, usually,always,never,every morning/afternoon/evening,every day, on Sunday(s)等。例句I leave home for school at 7 every morning.我每天早晨 7 点从家出发去学校。Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中国的东部。时态一般过去时用法表示过去曾经发生的动作或存在的状态。构成动词的过去式时间状语yesterday, lastnight/Monday/week/month/year, in 2010,three months，ago, just now等。例句When I was achild, I oftenplayedfootball in thestreet.当我还是个孩子时，我经常在街上踢足球。时态一般将来时用法表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。构成shall/will＋动词原形；be going to＋动词原形时间状语tomorrow,next year, intwo years,from now on,in the future等。例句They aregoing to havea sportsmeeting in aweek.他们一周后要举行一场运动会。时态现在进行时用法表示说话时或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。构成is/am/are＋动词的现在分词(v.-ing)时间状语now, at themoment, atpresent,these days等。例句We are havingan Englishclass now.我们现在正在上英语课。注意：come, go, leave, arrive 等表示位置移动的动词可用现在进行时表示即将发生的或计划好的事情。如：Im leaving tomorrow.我明天动身。时态过去进行时用法表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行或发生的动作。构成was/were＋动词的现在分词时间状语at this timeyesterday, at9 last night,from 7 to 9yesterdaymorning例句They werewatching TVat 7 last night.昨晚 7 点他们正在看电视。时态现在完成时用法表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果；表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在，并有可能继续延续下去的动作和状态。构成have/has +动词的过去分词时间状语just,yet, already,ever, never, before,since+时间点/或一般过去时的从句,for+时间段,in/during the past few/two years, recently, so far 例句He has studied English for five years.——谓语语态英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。例如：知识点概述一、被动语态的构成英语动词的被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be必须与主语的人称和数量保持一致，并有时态的变化。例如：The man was fooled by the two boys.The book has been translated into several languages.被动语态的句子结构：主语+ be+过去分词1、一般现在时谓语：例句：One lesson is learned each week. Foreign languages are studied everywhere in China.2、一般过去时谓语：例句：This hospital was set up just two years ago.3、一般将来时谓语：例句：This question will be answered by the headmaster tomorrow.二、被动语态的用法（1）动作的执行者不知道是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态。例如：Street lights are often turned on at six in winter. The new test book will be used next term.（2）当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者来说更能引起人们的关心而需要加以强调时，要用被动语态。例如：This kind of bicyc