《跨文化交际》课程论文-亲属称谓语在英汉语言中深层文化含义.docx

亲属称谓语在英汉语言中的深层文化含义罗 琴摘 要：中西方语言存在着巨大的差异，语言作为文化的主要载体，自然，语言的差异即是文化差异的集中表现。亲属称谓语是家庭成员之间关系的外在形式，它不仅能够能够反映家庭关系和家庭成员对家庭的理解，更能透过中西亲属称谓语的差异看到中西方差异。本文旨在通过比较英汉语言中的亲属称谓语及其外化形式，探讨中西文化差异的深层含义。关键词：亲属称谓语；语言；文化；比较Abstract: There is a huge difference between Chinese and English languages. Obviously, language, as the main carrier of culture, whose difference is the concentrated expression of cultural differences. The appellation is the external form of the relationship between family members. It can not only reflect the understanding of family relations and family members, but also can see the differences between Chinese and Western countries through the differences between Chinese and Western kinship terms. The purpose of this paper is to explore the deep meaning of Chinese and Western cultural differences by comparing the kinship terms in English and Chinese and their external forms.Key words: kinship terms, language, culture, comparison美国语言学家萨皮尔在《语言》一书中说：“语言的背后是有东西的，而且语言不能离开文化而存在。”因此，任何一种语言的背后都必定有和这种语言相对应的文化。亲属称谓语是日常人际交流和沟通最常见用语，人们可以通过它很容易地判断一个人的身份、地位和人与人之间的联系。通过对亲属称谓语的研究，还能发现更多和文化相关的深层含义。亲属称谓语是基于血缘姻亲的基础上亲属之间相互称呼的叫法、称呼。英汉两种语言中的亲属称谓有其各自不同的命名形式和存在体系，且两者的语用特点也各不相同，而这些差异，是中西文化中社会结构的等级格局（hierarchy）和平等格局（equality），人际关系的权力距离（power distance），以及价值维度中的集体主义（collectivism）与个人主义（individualism）等的象征和表现。英汉常见亲属称谓比较1. 英汉亲属称谓的构成特点汉语常见亲属称谓英语常见亲属称谓汉语常见亲属称谓英语常见亲属称谓曾祖父母great grandparents弟弟younger brother曾祖父great grandfather姐妹sisters曾祖母great grandmother姐姐elder sister外曾祖父母great grandparents妹妹younger sister外曾祖父great grandfather嫂子sister-in-law外曾祖母great grandmother弟妹sister-in-law祖父母grandparents姐夫brother-in-law祖父grandfather妹夫brother-in-law祖母grandmother侄子nephew外祖父母grandparents侄女niece外祖父grandfather外甥nephew外祖母grandmother外甥女niece父母parents堂兄cousin父亲father堂弟cousin母亲mother堂姐cousin公公father-in-law堂妹cousin婆婆mother-in-law表兄cousin岳父father-in-law表弟cousin岳母mother-in-law表姐cousin儿子son表妹cousin女儿daughter伯伯uncle女婿son-in-law伯母aunt儿媳daughter-in-law叔叔uncle孙子grandson婶母aunt孙女granddaughter姑姑uncle外孙grandson姑父aunt外孙女granddaughter姨妈uncle