国际贸易技术创新与相对工资差距基于中国制造业的面板数据分析.docVIP

国际贸易、技术创新与相对工资差距 -------基于中国制造业的面板数据分析 摘 要 自上世纪80年代以来，随着国际贸易自由化程度的提高，生产技术的迅速发展，世界上一些主要工业国家以及一些发展中国家的劳动工资结构都出现了较大的变动，主要表现为高技能工人和低技能工人的相对工资差距总体呈现不断扩大趋势。针对相对工资差距不断扩大的现象，国内外学者主要从国际贸易和技术进步的角度进行了解释，然而到底是贸易和还是技术是扩大相对工资差距的主要原因，学术界尚未达成一致结论。同时，现有的研究忽视了国际贸易的技术进步效应对相对工资差距的影响。国际贸易对技术创新具有重要的驱动作用，进而对相对工资差距产生重要影响。因此，将国际贸易与技术创新结合起来解释相对工资差距不断扩大现象具有较强的理论和现实意义。 本文首先系统梳理了国际贸易以及国际贸易的技术创新效应影响相对工资差距的作用机制，然后运用中国制造业的面板数据实证检验了国际贸易及其技术创新效应对相对工资差距的影响。主要研究结论是，进出口贸易扩大了制造业熟练劳动力与非熟练劳动力的相对工资差距，其中，进口贸易对相对工资差距的影响作用更大；虽然技术创新对相对工资差距的直接影响并不显著，但是进口贸易通过技术创新效应有利于缩小相对工资差距，出口贸易的技术创新效应对相对工资差距的影响却不明显。最后，根据本文的研究结论，针对如何缩小中国劳动力的相对工资差距提出政策建议。 关键词：国际贸易 技术创新 相对工资差距 International trade, Technological Innovation and the Relative Wage Gap in Chinas Manufacturing Industry Abstract: Since the 1980s, with the increasing liberalization of international trade, the rapid development of production technology, The structure of labor, as well as the wage，has a great change in some of the worlds major industrial countries and some developing countries, mainly for high-the relative wage gap between skilled workers and low-skilled workers generally showed a tendency to expand. Relative wage gap is widening phenomenon, scholars explained from the point of view of international trade and technological progress。However, whether the trade or technology to expand the main reason for the relative wage gap, the academic community has not yet reached the unanimous conclusion. At the same time, existing studies ignore the technological advances of the international trade effect on the relative wage gap. International Trade has an important role in driving technological innovation, and thus has a major impact on the relative wage gap. Therefore, the international trade and technological innovation combine to explain the relative wage gap is widening phenomenon has a strong theoretical and practical significance. Firstly combing the effect of international trade and international trade, technological innovation mechanism of actio