抗生素耐药 Resistance to antibioticsPPT.ppt

Resistance to antibiotics;2006 Antibiogram Harborview/UW;Acquired Drug Resistance;Bacteria keep up with big pharma in the b-lactam antibiotic arms race;Inactivation of aminoglycosides by acetylation, phosphorylation, and adenylation in drug-resistant organisms ;Drug export systems in Gram +;Acquired Drug Resistance;;;Resistance can be transferred between bacteria;Plasmid-mediated drug resistance;;Problems with Antibiotic resistance;Antibiotics given to pigs as of 2000;;Prospects for new antibiotics?;;First reported in a strain of K. pneumoniae QnrA protein – 218 aa protein Protects DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV from the inhibitory activity of quinolones--exact mechanism is not known yet Qnr proteins QnrA2 – K. oxytoca (China) QnrB - E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, C. koseri (USA and India) - 40% aa identity with QnrA QnrS – S. flexneri (Japan) - 59% aa identity with QnrA The presence of other mechanisms of resistance may increase plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance;PREVALENCE OF PLASMID-MEDIATED RESISTANCE TO QUINOLONES IN Escherichia coli;TB drug development;b-Lactam Antibiotic development;;Ampicillin;b-lactam antibiotics-1;Methicillin resistance;G;Cephalosporins;G;Newer b-lactams;b-lactamase inhibitors;b-lactamase inhibitors;Activity of available b-lactamase inhibitors against clinically important b-lactamases