神经传导路ppt课件.pptVIP

THE NERVOUS PATHWAYS (神经传导路);A. The Sensory (Ascending) Pathways; ;? 1) Conscious proprioceptive sensory pathways;Receptors muscle spindles tendon spindles Pacini’s corpuscles (肌梭,腱梭,P小体); ;1) Pathway of Pain Thermal sensation of the Trunk Limbs; ;? 2) Pain Thermal Sensation of Head and Face (头面部痛温觉);(损伤部位);RECEPTORS free n. endings (毛囊周围神经末梢 tactile corpuscles (触觉小体);RECEPTORS free n. endings (毛囊周围神经末梢 tactile corpuscles (触觉小体);;3. Visual pupillary reflexes 1) ? The visual pathway;视觉传导通路及瞳孔对光反射通路：;视觉传导通路及瞳孔对光反射通路： 1. 视觉传导通路： 视网膜中光感受器细胞视锥、视杆细胞，第一级神经元为双级细胞、第二级神经元节细胞，轴突成视神经、经视神经管入颅、经视交叉（视网膜鼻侧半交叉、视网膜颞侧半不交叉），入同侧视束，终止外侧膝状体、外侧膝状体内第三级神经元组成视辐射经内囊后肢投射到端脑距状沟两侧视区，产生视觉。2. 瞳孔对光反射通路：视束纤维经上丘臂于顶盖前区、由此到双侧动眼神经副核，动眼神经副核到睫状神经节换元，节后纤维支配瞳孔括约肌收缩，瞳孔缩小 。 Wilbrand前袢：其中来自视网膜鼻侧半下象限的纤维，向腹侧经视交叉前缘至对侧视神经，向前可达3mm作袢状弯曲，沿视交叉外侧缘后行至对视束。 Wilbrand后袢：其中来自视网膜鼻侧半上象限的纤维，经视交叉向后至同侧视束吻端，作袢状弯曲，经视交叉后缘上方交叉至对侧视束。;视觉传导通路： Wilbrand前袢：其中来自视网膜鼻侧半下象限的纤维，向腹侧经视交叉前缘至对侧视神经，向前可达3mm作袢状弯曲，沿视交叉外侧缘后行至对视束。 Wilbrand后袢：其中来自视网膜鼻侧半上象限的纤维，经视交叉向后至同侧视束吻端，作袢状弯曲，经视交叉后缘上方交叉至对侧视束。;RECEPTORS rod cells (视杆细胞 cone cells (视锥细胞;RECEPTORS spiral organs (螺旋器);外侧外侧丘系;Receptors cristae ampullares (壶腹嵴) maculae of utricle saccule (球椭圆囊斑);内侧纵束 medial longitudinal fasciculus;B. The Motor (Descending) Pathways (运动传导通路);(内囊后肢) ? post.limb of int. Capsule;? 1) Corticospinal Tract (皮质脊髓束);? 2) Corticonuclear Tract (皮质核束);Summary of Paralysis of Pyramidal System (锥体系瘫痪小结); 2. The Extrapyramidal System (锥体外系);The Extrapyramidal System (锥体外系); 3) The corpus striatum-substantia-corpus striatum circuit (system) (纹状体-黑质-纹状体环路);4) The cortico-ponto-cerebellar circuit (system) (皮质-脑桥-小脑环路);MENINGES BLOOD VESSELS OF THE BRAIN SPINAL CORD; THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF);A. The Meninges of the Brain and Spinal Cord;A. The Meninges of the Brain and Spinal Cord;A. The Meninges of the Brain and Spinal Cord;A. The Meninges of the Brain and Spinal Cord;B. The Blood Vessels of the Brain;A. The Meninges of the Brain and Spinal Cord; ;? e. s