毕业设计--GPS定位技术高速公路施工放样的应用.doc

河南工程学院毕业设计 GPS定位技术高速公路施工放样的应用 学生姓名 系（部） 土木工程系 专 业 工程测量技术 指导教师 2011年 05 月 28 日摘 要 RTK技术是GPS?测量技术与数据传输技术的结合，是GPS?测量技术中的一个新突破。文章阐述了RTK的发展背景、含义、系统的组成以及其在测量领域内的应用与优缺点。GPS RTK技术以其高精度、高效率、易操作、费用低以及仪器轻便等特点被广泛应用于各种控制测量、地形测量、施工放样等方面。虽然在测量项目中RTK技术与传统的测量方法相比具有其不可替代的优势，但由于易受外界环境的干扰，所以在观测过程中应认真的对待周围的观测条件和卫星数量，确认基准站与流动站的输入项与设置均正确无误，结合实际考察误差来源以取得最好的观测结果。由于GPS所采集的是WGS-84坐标，在向地方坐标系转换的过程中必然导致转换模型误差和已有控制误差的引入，并且在实际的工作过程中，常用的是正常高系统，而GPS所采集的则是基于椭球面的大地高，在大地高向正常高转换的过程中，由于转换方法的不同必然导致高程精度有所差异，因此必须重视对水平精度和高程精度的合理评定。本文结合实际，举例具体说明其在铁路定测作业模式中的应用。提出了运用GPS RTK技术获取观测信息的新方法。并对RTK技术在铁路图根控制测量、碎部测量中的操作步骤及注意事项做了必要的说明；同时详细的进行了该技术与常规测量方法的精度比较。 关键词： RTK GPS 公路定测 精度分析 Abstract Technology of RTK is combined with technology of survey and technology of data transform，which is a new way to the GPS survey. The article expounds the background, meaning, system of RTK，and its advantages and shortages in the filed of surveying. The technology of GPS RTK is widely used in all kinds of control surveys, topography surveys and construction layout for its high precise, high efficient, easily operate; low cost and the light weigh of the instrument and other advantages. Although in the items of survey the technology of RTK has the advantages which do have in the normal ways, we must pay attentions on the survey condition and the numbers of the satellites during the survey because it is easily distributed by the condition of the survey area, make sure that the items of putting in and setting up of the base station and mobile station are all right. We can find the sources of the errors so as to getting the best survey results according to the actual situation. There are surely the transformed model errors and the exited errors introduced when they are transformed to the Local coordinate because the coordinates are captured by GPS which is in WGS-84 coordinates. In the actual work process, the system of Normal Height is widely used, but GPS acquisition