第十四章 供应链中的运输.pptx

14Transportation in a Supply ChainLearning ObjectivesUnderstand the role of transportation in a supply chainEvaluate the strengths and weaknesses of different modes of transportationDiscuss the role of infrastructure and policies in transportationIdentify the relative strengths and weaknesses of various transportation network design optionsIdentify trade-offs that shippers need to consider when designing a transportation networkThe Role of Transportation in a Supply ChainMovement of product from one location to anotherProducts rarely produced and consumed in the same locationSignificant cost componentShipper requires the movement of the productCarrier moves or transports the productModes of Transportation and their Performance CharacteristicsAirPackage carriersTruckRailWaterPipelineIntermodalModes of Transportation and their Performance CharacteristicsModeFreight Value ($ billions) in 2002Freight Tons (billions) in 2002Freight Ton-Miles (millions) in 2002Value Added to GNP (billion $) in 2009Air (includes truck and air) 563 6 13 61.9Truck 9,075 11,712 1,515 113.1Rail 392 1,979 1,372 30.8Water 673 1,668 485 14.3Pipeline 896 3,529 688 12.0Multimodal 1,121 229 233Table 14-1AirCost componentsFixed infrastructure and equipmentLabor and fuelVariable – passenger/cargoKey issuesLocation/number of hubsFleet assignmentMaintenance schedulesCrew schedulingPrices and availabilityRailMove commodities over large distancesHigh fixed costs in equipment and facilitiesScheduled to maximize utilizationTransportation time can be longTrains ‘built’ not scheduledWaterLimited to certain geographic areasOcean, inland waterway system, coastal watersVery large loads at very low costSlowestDominant in global tradeContainersPipelineHigh fixed costPrimarily for crude petroleum, refined petroleum products, natural gasBest for large and stable flowsPricing structure encourages use for predicable component of demandIntermodalUse of more than one mode of transportation to move a shipmentGrown consid