静脉补钾的注意事项及护理.docVIP

精品论文 参考文献 静脉补钾的注意事项及护理 张晓春（江苏省淮安市清浦区和平镇中心卫生院223009） 【中图分类号】R473 【文献标识码】B【文章编号】1672-5085（2013）16-0329-02 【摘要】 目的 分析静脉补钾的注意事项及探讨合适的护理。方法 通过分析静脉补钾的危险因素，讨论合适的护理方式。结果 静脉补钾采取合理的方式护理，效果良好。结论 采取合理的护理方式，可以使静脉补钾的危险得到有效控制。 【关键词】 静脉补钾 注意 护理 血清钾的正常值为3.5-5.5mmol/l。当血清钾低于3.0mmol/l时就称低血钾症。造成低血钾症的原因多种多样，如：禁食、厌食、致钾的摄入不足，呕吐、腹泻、致胃肠道失钾；肾脏内分泌疾病致肾脏失钾；以及多种因素致转移性或稀释性低血钾；这些都可以导致低血钾[1]。一旦发生低血钾，除了积极治疗原发病和给予含钾饮食外还应该补充钾制剂，如：氯化钾，一般轻者口服，较重者必须静脉补钾。由于静脉补钾有治疗与风险共存的特点，因此必须十分认真与细心。 【Abstract】 Objective: Notice of intravenous potassium and explore appropriate nursing. Methods: the risk factors through the analysis of intravenous potassium, appropriate nursing discussion. Results: intravenous potassium to take reasonable care, good results. Conclusion: take care of reasonable, danger can make intravenous potassium is effectively controlled. 【Key Words】 intravenous potassium attention nursing The normal values of serum potassium is 3.5-5.5mmol\/l. When the serum potassium is lower than 3.0mmol\/l called hypokalemia. Many kinds of causes of disease of low blood potassium varied, such as: intake of fasting, anorexia, vomiting, caused by potassium deficiency, diarrhea, gastrointestinal potassium loss; renal endocrine disease caused by renal potassium loss; and a variety of factors caused by metastatic or attenuant sex low blood potassium; these can cause low blood potassium [1]. Once the occurrence of low blood potassium, in addition to treatment of the primary disease and treated with potassium diet should also supplement potassium formulations, such as: potassium chloride, general or oral, heavy must intravenous potassium. Due to intravenous potassium has the characteristics of treatment and risk coexist, so it must be very serious and careful. 静脉补钾必须注意以下几点 1 见尿补钾，一般尿量超过400ml/d方可补钾。补钾量依血清钾浓度而定，如禁食者一般每天给予生理需要量，氯化钾2-3g即可，严重缺钾者(血清钾lt;2mmol/l)每日补充氯化钾，不宜超过6-8g/d，如果患者伴有休克，少尿，应尽快恢复血容量，待尿量超过30ml/h后再静脉补钾。 2 补钾浓度，不宜超过40mmol/l（氯化钾3g/l）应该稀释后静脉滴注，禁止静脉注射，以免血钾浓度突然升高导致心脏停博。 3 补钾速