PEF- Ion exchange 制药工程与设备基础　Pharmaceutical Equipment Fundamentals　教学课件　.pptVIP

Pharmaceutical Equipment Fundamentals Ion Exchange Ion exchange Ion exchange is an exchange of ions between two electrolytes or between an electrolyte solution and a complex. denote the processes of purification, separation, and decontamination of aqueous and other ion-containing solutions with solid polymeric or mineralic ion exchangers. Typical ion exchangers ion exchange resins (functionalized porous or gel polymer) Zeolites Montmorillonite Clay soil humus. Ion exchanger Typical ion exchangers cation exchangers that exchange positively charged ions (cations) anion exchangers that exchange negatively charged ions (anions). amphoteric exchangers that are able to exchange both cations and anions simultaneously. Features unselective selective: binding preferences for certain ions or classes of ions, depending on their chemical structure the size of the ions their charge their structure Typical examples of ion that can bind to ion exchangers are: H+ (proton) and OH? (hydroxide) Single-charged monoatomic ions like Na+, K+, and Cl? Double-charged monoatomic ions like Ca2+ and Mg2+ Polyatomic inorganic ions like SO42? and PO43? Organic bases, usually molecules containing the amino functional group -NR2H+ Organic acids, often molecules containing -COO? (carboxylic acid) functional groups Biomolecules that can be ionized: amino acids, peptides, proteins, etc. Top 10 Biopharmaceutical Companies Distillation Column Vertical cylindrical column Compact form Minimum ground requirements Separate stages Vaporisation and condensation Separation Technology in the Past Limits to Distillation Thermodynamics Generalized Process Scheme Materials and energy balances: conservation of energy and matter Thermodynamics: phase equilibrium and solution thermodynamics Transport phenomena Chemical reaction kinetics: rate of conversion of one species to another Diagram Cycle Diagram Diagram Diagram Diagram Diagram Table Diagram Cycle Diagram Diagram Diagram