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Logical Fallacies Do you find these statements convincing? 1. All people in China like drinking tea. 3. I was watching TV and saw Yao Ming was introducing Pin-an Insurance. I am going to buy Ping-an Insurance because it must be the best (insurance). 2. Every Chinese speaks Putonghua. 3. Last year, I ate ice-cream before I took the final, and I failed in the exam. Last month, I ate ice-cream before the mid-term, and I failed again. I should not eat ice-cream before any examinations. 4. I went to the police station yesterday. I saw a policewoman in front of the door, another policewoman by the door, and another two policewomen was sitting behind the desk. All the officials of the station are female! What does the man believe? Logical Fallacies – Mistakes in reasoning Logical fallacies occur in our daily life. To make a strong argument, it is essential to learn identifying logical fallacies We are going to learn eleven common logical fallacies. Ad Hominem Attacking or praising a person rather than the argument itself. 1. A: Which lecture do you like, Li’s or Zhang’s? B: Li’s lectures are not good, he is old and short. But Zhang’s lectures are good, because she is very pretty and charming. For example: 2. You should not support the president’s policy. He is a heavy smoker. Besides, he is from a remote area. Slippery slope ( Ad Continuum) This fallacy suggests that one step will inevitably lead to more negative steps. It argues that the descent is inevitable and unalterable. Father said to son, “ If you are not able to pass the final exam, you will not be accepted to a good high school, and you will not be able to go to a university, then you will not get a good job. Eventually, you will not be able to survive!” Appeal to celebrity This fallacy implies that something or somebody is good because a popular celebrity endorsed it (him/her). e.g. Pepsi is the best drink because it is Zhou Jielun’s choice! Appeal to Popularity This fallacy suggests that an idea must