专业英语语法：独立主格结构withPPT.ppt

Absolute Construction 独立主格结构;一、 独立主格结构的构成： 英语中的独立主格结构从语法上看，它是一个独立的成分，而不是句子（因为句中没有谓语），在句中主要用作状语，通常可转换成状语从句。 英语独立主格结构的几种常构成方式：;1. 名词或代词+现在分词 名词或代词通常是动作的执行者，与现在分词构成逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动的或正在进行的动作。如： Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. She ran up to me, her hair flying in the wind. 她向我跑来，秀发在风中飘扬着。;All this time, they were fast asleep, all of them knowing nothing about what had happened. 那段时间，他们都很快就入睡了，没有人知道发生了什么事。 ;2. 名词或代词+过去分词 名词或代词是动作的承受者，与过去分词构成逻辑上的动宾关系或系表结构，表示被动或已完成的动作。如： This done, we went home. 做完此事，我们就回家了。 She gazed, her hands clasped to her breast. 她凝视着，双手叉在胸前。;3. 名词或代词+不定式 名词或主格代词通常是动作的执行者，与不定式构成逻辑上的主谓关系，表示将要发生的动作，常位于句首或句末。如： A house to be built, we must save every cent. 由于要建一座房子，我们必须节省每一分钱。 Now here is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow. 现在李蕾来了，魏方明天到。;We divided the work, he to clean the window and I to sweep the floor. 我们分了工，他擦窗户，我扫地。 He is leaving for the conference next week, all expenses to be paid by his company. 他下周去参加一个会议，所有费用由他的公司支付。 ;4. 名词或代词+形容词或副词 形容词或副词常用来说明名词或代词的性质特征或所处的状态。如： He sat in the front row, his mouth half open. 他坐在前排，嘴半开着。 The ground muddy, we should be careful. 地面泞泥，我们应该小心。 He came into the room, his ears red with cold. ;The people, their livelihood secure, now have the leisure to take up sports. 现在人民生活有了保障，就有时间参加体育活动了 She sat at the table, collar off, head down, and pen in position, ready to begin the long letter. 她坐在桌前，衣领已解掉，头低了下来，拿好钢笔，准备开始写一封长信。 ;5.名词或代词+介词短语 介词短语也是用来说明代词的性质特征或所处的状态。如： The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand. 士兵们端着枪冲了进来。 He was waiting, his eyes on her back. 他在等着，眼睛望着她的背影。;The old woman sat down, traces of tears still on her cheeks. 老太太坐了下来，面颊上还带有泪痕。 Glasses in hand, he asked where his glasses were. 手里拿着眼镜，他问他的眼镜哪去了。 ? ; 二、 独立主格结构的特点：;三、独立主格结构的句法功能;1. 作时间状语;2. 作条件状语;3. 作原因状语;4. 作伴随状语;表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with复合结构。 with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 ;The murderer was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied.;1. 当介词是in时