国际经济法精品教学（华南师范大学）An overview of Legal System Regarding Trade Regulation.pptVIP

An Overview of Legal System Regarding Trade Regulation Section 1 A Review on Theories of International Trade Regulation and Corresponding Trade Policies 1. Economic Theory in relation to International Trade Regulation 1.1 Mercantilism and the Corresponding Policy of Import Restriction and Export Encouragement 1.2 Free Trade Theories and Corresponding Trade Regulation Practices. Adam Smith’s theory of absolute advantage; David Recardo’s theory of comparative advantage; Underlies the current trading system under the auspices of the GATT 1947/WTO system. 根据比较优势原理，一国在两种商品生产上较之另一国均处于绝对劣势，但只要处于劣势的国家在两种商品生产上劣势的程度不同，处于优势的国家在两种商品生产上优势的程度不同，则处于劣势的国家在劣势较轻的商品生产方面具有比较优势，处于优势的国家则在优势较大的商品生产方面具有比较优势。两个国家分工专业化生产和出口其具有比较优势的商品，进口其处于比较劣势的商品，则两国都能从贸易中得到利益。这就是比较优势原理。也就是说，两国按比较优势参与国际贸易，通过“两利取重，两害取轻”，两国都可以提升福利水平 1.3 Trade Protectionist Theories in favor of Trade Control and Regulation Reciprocity philosophy Infant-industry argument The argument of national security The argument of impoverishment of the under- developed countries 2. Legal Theory in relation to Trade Regulation The lack of a proper tradition in legal theory; Lawyers rely on the doctrines of international and regional integration law as well as domestic constitutional and administrative law, including its many special branches, and also look for guidance in private law and jurisprudence. 3. Theory of Political Economy in relation with Trade Policy Four actors influence a country’s international economic policies: individual citizens, common interest groups, the domestic government, and foreign governments along with various other foreign groups. Section 2 The Evolution of Trade Regulatory Measures at National Level and Categories of Trade Regulatory Measures 1. The Evolution of Trade Regulatory Measures at National Level (1) --- the 1st World War, high tariffs (2) After the 2nd World War, tariff reduction (the necessity of building up a more open and transparent multilateral trading system in