神经系统教学课件-汕头大学02运动传导通路.pptVIP

运 动 传 导 路 The Motor Pathways Adult response - plantar flexion of the big toe and adduction of the smaller toes Pathological (Infant) response - dorsoflexion (extension) of the big toe and fanning of the other toes Indicative of upper motor neuron damage * * 皮质脊髓束 corticospinal tract 皮质核束 corticonuclear tract 皮质－新纹状体－背侧丘脑－皮质环路 cortical substance－neostriatum－dorsal thalamus －circuit loop of cortex 新纹状体－黑质回路 neostriatum－circuit of black substance 苍白球－底丘脑环路 pallidum－circuit loop of subthalamus 皮质－脑桥－小脑－皮质环路 cortex －bridge of varolius－cerebellum－ circuit of cortex 锥体束 pyramidal tract 运动（下行）传导通路 Motor（descending）conductive pathway 锥体外系 Extrapyramidal tract 1）由两极神经元组成 composed of two orders of neurons ◇ 上运动神经元 upper motor neuron -- 指大脑皮质运动中枢的大锥体细胞， 其轴突组成锥体系 -- lie in the motor area of cerebral cortex, -- Connect directly or through interneurons to lower motor neurons 锥体系特点 Feature of Pyramidal System 锥体系 Pyramidal System ◇ 下运动神经元 lower motor neuron -- 指脑干躯体运动核及脊髓前角运动神经元， 其轴突直接支配至骨骼肌 -- include cranial motor nuclei and motor neurons in anterior horn of spinal cord. -- their axons leave the CNS and extend though peripheral nerves to supply skeletal muscles 2) 支配骨骼肌随意运动 -- It concerned with voluntary movement of the skeletal Corticospinal tract Decussation of pyramid Lateral corticospinal tract Anterior corticospinal tract upper motor neuron Lower motor neuron 1 皮质脊髓束 Corticospinal tract ◇ 上运动神经元 upper motor neuron -- is the Giant pyramidal cells (Betz cells) 巨大锥体细胞 -- other pyramidal cells in superior 2/3 of precentral gyrus and ant. part of paracentral lobule 1) 皮质脊髓侧束 Lateral Corticospinal ◇ Position: 外侧索后部，纵贯脊髓全长 ◇ Function: 支配同侧躯干肌、四肢肌的随意运动 皮质脊髓侧束 皮质脊髓前束 前角运动元 ◇ Origin: 对侧大脑皮质运动区 ◇ Termination: 在延髓交叉 下行于外侧索 逐节段止于同侧前角细胞 ■ Origin: 大脑皮质运动区 ■ Termination: