电炉炼钢原理.pptVIP

Chapter 10 Electric Furnace Steelmaking --EAF Processing 10.1 Advantage and Disadvantage of EAF Investing cost: The capital cost per ton of annual installed capacity generally runs in the range of $140–200/ton for an EAF based operation. For a similar blast furnace– BOF based operation the cost is approximately $1000 per annual ton of installed capacity. At the current time, approximately 40% of the steel in North America is made via the EAF route. EAF producers attempt to further displace the integrated mills. A: Class of EAF AC EAF DC EAF Table 10.2 Power and Productivity C. Extension of furnace capacity 电弧炉容量愈大，一般生产率就愈高，单位能耗、电极消耗都有所下降．而且电弧炉高功率化对电弧炉容量也有一下限要求，但这不是简单的线性关系。例如，当前一般电弧炉用变压器的最大容量为100MV.A左右，当炉容量增至120吨或以上时，要达到吨钢功率水平1MV.A就有困难；而炉容量过小时，即便输入功率很高．但能量损失过大，操作有所不便，会影响生产率。根据目前各领域的技术水平，电弧炉容量以60-100吨为宜。 D. Others auxiliary Energy Oxygen Carbon materials E. Technologies used to complement High Power Water cooled Side Panels; Slag foaming technology; F. Energy Saving Technology 主要是用各种可行方法．利用炉气余热．提高电弧炉整体热效率。目前主要是用炉气预热皮钢，这类装置大致可分两类： 一是单体的废钢预热装置； 二是与电孤炉结构连结的废钢预热装置：如竖炉一电弧炉、连续式电弧炉(Consteel)。 后者因结构特殊．变成了新的炉种．这些装置个可采用二次燃烧装置，提高热利用率，或燃烧辅助燃料，以提高废钢预热温度。 G. Technology used to improve heat conductivity 10.3 Basic Layout of EAF 10.4 Raw Materials A. Scrap: obsolete scrap which is obtained from old cars, demolished buildings, discarded machinery and domestic objects; industrial scrap which is generated by industries using steel within their manufacturing processes; revert scrap (also known as home scrap) which is generated within the steelmaking and forming processes; Levels of residual elements such as Cu, Sn, Ni, Cr, and Mo are high in obsolete scrap and can affect casting operations and product quality if they are not diluted. B. Clean Iron: Clean iron units are typically in the form of direct reduced iron (DRI), hot briquetted iron (HBI), iron carbide, pig iron, and molten pig iron (hot metal).