化学专业英语-谢建伟.ppt

Chapter 1 The nature of Chemistry Specialized words: Specialized words: Questions: What does the author talk about in the letter? (Para 1, P3) What is the relationship between physical sciences and biological sciences? (Para 2-3, P3) What are the definitions of chemistry and physics? (Para 4, P3) What’s your understanding of chemical change and physical change? (Para 5-6, P3) How should we study chemistry and what should we do to become a chemist in the author’s opinion? (Para 3, P4) Questions: 6. What is more important in chemistry, experiment or theory? or both? (Para 4, P6) 7. Who are chemists in the author’s opinion? What do they do? (Para 5-6, P6) 8. Does the author think it is necessary to learn chemistry? and his reason? (Para3-5, P7) Chapter 2 Chemistry as a Quantitative Science and a Science of Matter Specialized words: Part 1. Nomenclature of compounds 一、Nomenclature of inorganic compounds; 二、Nomenclature of organic compounds. 一、Nomenclature of inorganic compounds 1. 元素与单质 “元素”和“单质”的英文意思都是“element”，有时为了区别，在强调“单质”时可用“free element”。因此，单质的英文名称与元素的英文名称是一样的。 IA-IIA IA H Hydrogen Li Lithium Na Sodium K Potassium Rb Rubidium Cs Cesium Fr Francium IIA Be Beryllium Mg Magnesium Ca Calcium Sr Strontium Ba Barium Ra Radium IIIA-VA VIA, VIIA and 0 Common transition elements Fe: iron Mn: manganese Cu: copper Zn: zinc 2. The rules of nomenclature 化合物的命名顺序都是根据化学式从左往右读，这与中文读法顺序是相反的。 表示原子个数时使用前缀 (1) mono-, (2) di-, (3) tri- , (4) tetra-, (5) penta-, (6) hexa-, (7) hepta-, (8) octa-, (9) nona-, (10) deca-, 但是在不会引起歧义时，这些前缀都尽可能被省去。 3.1.1 Single valence ions Cation’s name = Element for example: Na+ Sodium Al3+ Aluminum K+ Potassium Ca2+ Calcium 3.1.2 Multivalence ions Cation’s name = Element For example: Fe2+ Iron (II) or Ferrous