GPS跨河水准测量.doc

河北联合大学轻工学院 QINGGONG COLLEGE, HEBEI UNITED UNIVERSITY 毕业论文 论文题目：GPS在跨河水准测量中的应用研究 学生姓名： 学 号：200815150101 专业班级：测绘1班 学 部：工程教育部 指导教师： 2012年05月24日 摘要 我国高等级公路、特大型桥梁的建设正处在告诉发展时期。在江河湖海、峡谷上建立大跨度桥梁也越来越多，而传统的跨河水准测量方法以几何光学观测为基础，受距离和气候条件的影响显著，存在精度较低、效率不高等缺点。 因此，在现有技术条件下，寻求一种精度优良、效率更高、不受环境影响而又易于推广的跨河水准测量方法，以取代传统高程传递手段势在必行。建立特大桥的施工高程控制网，在大桥一端无高等级高程控制点的情况下，要连接两岸的高程，只有采取跨河水准测量，由于跨河边较长，常规的跨河水准测量难以进行。为此，利用GPS水准测量进行跨和水准测量，其GPS高程拟合的原理是利用GPS大地高差与水准正常高差求出高程异常变化率，进而求得跨河边的正常高差。 关键词：GPS；高程异常；高差拟合Abstract High grade highway in China, extra large bridge construction is in told development period. In rivers and lakes, canyon established on the large span bridge more and more, and traditional across the river level survey method based on geometric optical observations, the distance and climate condition the influence significantly, existing low precision, efficiency higher shortcomings. Therefore, the present technology conditions, seek a good precision, higher efficiency and not affected by environmental impact and easy to generalize across the river level measurement methods, to replace the traditional elevation transfer method is imperative. Establish the big bridge construction elevation control nets, in bridge end without control points of high elevation, connected to both sides of the elevation, only take across the river level measurement, because cross the river is longer, conventional across the river level measurement be difficult to carry on. Therefore, using GPS leveling cross-cultural and level measurement, the GPS elevation fitting principle is to use the earth with normal level elevation GPS planta seek the abnormal height change rate, across the river and getting the normal level. Key words；GPS ;Abnormal height;Difference fitting 目 录 摘要 I Abstract II 引言 1 第1章 绪论 1 1.1问题提出的背景和意义 2 1.1.1背景 2 1.1.2意义 2 1.2 全球定位系统简介及其国内外概况 3 1.2.1 全球定位系统发展简史 3 1.2.2 全球定位系统基本资料 4 1.2.3 全球定位系统的国内外概况 5 第2章 桥梁发展史及跨河水准测量方法简介 8 2.1桥梁发展简史 8 2.2 国内大跨桥梁及发展趋势 9 2.2.1 我国公路桥梁建设水平