牛津译林版5A英语复习资料——语法整理.docx

5A英语复习资料——语法整理There be句型表示“某处有某物”（1）其中there is 用于单数名词或不可数名词，如：?There is a pencil case in the school bag. There is some soup/milk /tea/coffee/juice/water/chocolate.（2）There are用于可数名词的复数，如： There are some desks in the classroom.?（3）There be 句型的就近原则：be动词后面如果跟的是不止一种物品，就根据离它最近的物品选用is或are. 如：There are some pictures and a telephone. There is a telephone and some pictures.?2.There be 句型的否定形式：在be动词的后面加not（is not可以缩写为isnt，are not可以缩写为 arent）把some 改成any。 例：（1）There is a pencil in the pencil-box.（改为否定句） There isnt a pencil in the pencil-box.（2）There are some crayons on the desk.（改为否定句） There arent any crayons on the desk.?3.There be 的一般疑问句,是将be动词提前到there的前面，表示“（某处）有......?”（1）Is there...????????? Yes, there is ./ No, there isn’t .例：Is there a music room ?（2）Are there any...???? Yes, there are./ No, there aren’t.例：Are there any books?4.“some”和“any”都有“一些”的意思.“some”一般用于肯定句，“any”用于否定句和一般疑问句。但在一些表示委婉请求，想得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中，也“some”.?例：1.There are some watermelons in the basket.(肯定句)?2.There arent any birds in the tree.(否定句)?3.Are there any toy trains on the table?(疑问句)4.Would you like some tea?(表委婉请求)?5.How many...+(可数名词复数) are there...? 用于询问某处有多少...??例：How many classrooms are there in our school?6.can在否定句中的用法：表示某人不能做某事时，通常在can后面加否定词not, 后面加动词原形。如： Bobby can’t（或写成cannot） see any cakes in the fridge.?6. 感叹句的结构：感叹句常用how或what来引导? （1）what引导的感叹句?? a.What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数！What a beautiful house!? b.What+形容词+可数名词复数！ What nice dresses! c. What+形容词+不可数名词！??What delicious milk!? （2）how引导的感叹句 How+形容词/副词！ How nice!?7. have / has? 的用法(1).表示某人有某物。(2).主语是第一、第二人称单数和复数时用 have, 如 I，you, we, they, the students … 主语是第三人称单数时用 has, 如 he, she, it, Helen, the bird, my father? …(3).肯定句： … have / has … We have a PE lesson on Monday morning.???? /?? It has a long tail. (4)否定句： … don’t / doesn’t? +have …? They don’t have animal friends.? /???? She doesn’t have a dog.? (5)一般疑问句： Do / Does … have …Yes, …do / does.No, … don’t / doesn’t.?? Do you have a football?? Yes, I do.? / No, I don’t.?? Does he have a toy car????