外文翻译高速铁路与动车组x.docxVIP

附　录 附录A 外文翻译 High-speed Rail and Multiple Units High-speed High-speed rail is public transport by rail at speeds in excess of 200 km/h. Typically, high-speed trains travel at top service speeds of between 250 km/h and 300 km/h- The world speed record for a conventional wheeled train was set in 1990，by a French TGV (Train a Grande vitesse) that reached a speed of 513.5km/h，and an experimental Japanese magnetic levitation train has reached 581 km/h. The International Union of Railway’ high-speed task force provides definitions of high-speed rail travel. There is no single definition of the term, but rather a combination of elements—new or upgraded track, rolling stock, operating practices一that lead to high-speed rail operations. The speeds at which a train must travel to qualify as “high-speed” vary from country to country, ranging from 160 km/h to over 300 km/h. There are constraints on the growth of the highway and air travel systems，widely cited as traffic congestion, or capacity limits. Airports have limited capacity to serve passengers during peak travel times, as do highways. High-speed rail，which has potentially very high capacity on its fixed 4 corridors，offers the promise of relieving congestion on the other systems. Prior to World War II, conventional passenger rail was the principal means of intercity transport. Passenger rail services have lost their primary role in transport, due to the small proportion of journeys made by rail. High-speed rail has the advantage over automobiles in that it can move passengers at speeds far faster than those possible by car, while also avoiding congestion. For journeys that do not connect city centre to city centre，the door to door travel time and the total cost of high-speed rail can be comparable to that of driving. A fact often mentioned by critics of high-speed trains. However, supporters argue that journeys by train are less strenuous and more productive than car journeys. While high-speed trains generally do not trav