议论文写作-基本框架与策略.pptVIP

首段基本写作策略 议论文的首段必须包括两个要素，一是背景介绍，二是写作意图，但这两点都不应有任何拓展，否则就会把应当在主体段落出现的内容在首段都讲完，这样势必造成在主体段落无话可说，成了一篇头重脚轻的畸形文章。 首段从以下三个方面进行： 1. 背景信息(setting / background information)，事实上就是把题目所提供的背景用自己的话再描述一遍(a restatement of the question)。 2. 说明写作意图(statement of purpose)，为下文做铺垫，争取用一句话把观点说清楚。写作意图应当是首段的最后一句话。 3. 对主要观点进行总结概括(summary of main points) 例如：不同工作的员工所获得的休假天数不同，你是否认为无论何种工作的员工都应该享 有同样长时间的休假日？ As a proverb goes: “All men are created equal.” This notion has been used by many people to insist on absolute equality among all people. By this token, some people believe that all staff shall have equal amount of holidays. Unfortunately, this may not be necessarily correct. 主体段基本写作策略 主体段中要详细阐述首提出的观点。按照首段的写作策略，文章的重心应是首段的最后一句话，而主体段中每段的主题句应放在第一句。 主体段的分段视情况而定，写两段或三段比较理想。 其结构是: Thesis statement Topic of the first paragraph ………………… Supporting ideas …………………………… Topic of the second paragraph …………… Supporting ideas ………………………………. Topic of the third paragraph ………………… Supporting ideas ……………………………… 例如： In is a fact of life that the development of science and technology has been accompanied by a decline in traditional culture. In my opinion, this is not necessarily a bad thing, because some aspects of traditional culture hamper progress and should be abandoned. Firstly, science and technology have cleared up many matters that were mysterious to us in the past. For instance, we now know that thunder and lightning are not cause be gods being angry, but are normal natural phenomena. As a result, a large number of harmful superstitions have disappeared, and nobody regrets their passing. Secondly, our everyday lives have been made more convenient by scientific and technological inventions. Nowadays electric lights have replaced the traditional oil lamps, and computers enable us to make quicker and more accurate calculations. Even more important is the fact that airplanes can help us to travel faster than the traditional horse driven wagons. 注意： 在同一个段落中不能出现平级概念。例如：在谈到电视的优点时有几个分观点，主体段落的第一段是讲电视可以