词汇学Key to Chapter 6.doc

Key to Chapter 6 （第5-8章答案由熊翩、明莹、徐红玲、杨倩、冯青云、肖尧、黄丽霞、季梦、吴舒君、阮姗、祝迪、刘芸、黄迪、牛楠楠、赵锐华、柴红娟、陈柳整理，在此致谢！） Polysemy 1. Polysemy is a sense of relation that deals with words of more than one meaning. It is the result of semantic change. 2. Take neck for example. It has five senses：（1）that part of a man or animal joining the head to the body；（2）that part of the garment；（3）the neck of an animal used as food；（4）a narrow part between the head and body or base of any object；（5）the narrowest part of anything. Of these five meanings，（1）is the meaning given to the word when it was created and all the rest were derived later in the process of development. 3. A word develops its meaning through the process of either radiation or concatenation, and in many cases, of both. Radiation is a semantic process which shows that the primary meaning and each of the derived meanings are directly connected. Concatenation is a semantic process which shows that the primary meaning gives birth to a second meaning and this second meaning in turn gives birth to a third meaning and so on. Each of the derived meaning is related only to the previous meaning and there is no direct connection between the primary meaning to the latest developed meaning. 4. The word board developed mainly through the process of concatenation but radiation also performed. It first denoted “a table” and later acquired two very divergent senses. Each of them has given rise to another sense from which the Original notion has disappeared as illustrated in the diagraph below. Homonymy 1. Homonyms fall into three types: (1) perfect homonyms. (2) homographs and (3) homophones. Homonyms of type (1) are words with the same spelling and pronunciation, e.g. bank （银行）-----bank(岸) ;words of type (2) are bow/???/（n.弓）---bow/???/(ν.鞠躬);those of type (3) are found /?????/(?.)-- found /?????/(past form of find ), ad/??/--add/??/ and so on. 2. English homonyms came about mainly (1) by change in sound and spelling, i.e. words originally different in s