中石油2016通用英语选读课文21.docVIP

21.And All That Jazz 关乎爵士乐 1.Have you ever heard the expression说法、表达“—and all that Jazz”？When people say that today,it’s slang行话，俚语 which means much the same thing as et cetera 等等or“and so forth等等.”You may use it yourself.Jazz,it seems,has had quite a few相当多 meanings.Through the history of jazz,it has meant many different kinds of music to many different people. 1.你听过这种说法吗，“像爵士乐一般，诸如此类的东西”？现在人们把它用作俚语，意思和“等等”，“以此类推”类似。你自己可能就用过这个词。爵士乐似乎有多种含义，纵览其发展史，对不同人群来说爵士乐意味着不同的音乐形式。 2.It’s interesting to know that jazz was first spelled a different way—jass.At that time,it referred to被提及 the old New Orleans style of music.This music came from the Negro黑人的 religious宗教 songs and songs of celebration庆典.One major part of the music was its beat,of course.Another,and sometimes more important part,was the way in which the music was played.It was like a conversation谈话.You can’t always tell what’s coming next during a talk with some friends.The New Orleans musicians were like that.They took a tune曲调 and played what came into their minds,just as you say what comes into your mind in a conversation谈话、对话. 2.有趣的是，爵士乐（jazz）最初拼写为—jass,它是一种古老的新奥尔良风格的音乐，发源于黑人的宗教和庆典音乐。其主要特征当然是它独特的节奏，而另一个特征也许更为重要，那就是像谈话一样的演奏方式。和朋友聊天时，你不可能总是去想下一个话题是什么。新奥尔良的音乐人们就是这样演奏的—先定个调，然后演奏出心中涌出音符，就像聊天时随口说出那些涌入脑中的话。 3.These early musical groups乐队 were very small in comparison to与…相比较 the big bands 大乐队that formed later.At times two rival竞争的，对手 groups of musicians would stage a “cutting session.”It was a sort of一种 musical fight.Whichever group could outlast比…长久 the other was the winner.If they both lasted as well,the better group would probably be chosen by the audience观众、听众.Of course,the battle比赛、战斗 had advertising广告的 value too. 3.较之后来的乐队，早期的音乐组合规模比较小。有时两个互相较量的乐队会登台进行一场“淘汰赛”，就像音乐擂台，能够唱到最后的乐队就是胜者。如果不分胜负，就会由观众选出表现更好的乐队。当然，这种擂台赛也非常具有广告价值。 4.This music later became known as以…而闻名 Dixieland,a term you have probably heard before.There are different styles of Dixieland.We have mentioned提到 the New Orleans style,which was popular at the end