NEGLIGENCE过失侵权责任.pptVIP

嚴格責任STRICT LIABILITY (概說)GENERAL: 無過錯責任(LIAB. W/O FAULT) 2. Compare with Negligence(過失侵權行為) and Breach of Contract Claims(契約違反): a. No liability without fault (無過錯及無責任) b. No need to establish the privity (無須建立契約關係) 範例 奶粉原料商 咖啡製造商 消費者 I’M SICK! WHO CAN HELP ME? 3 SL TORTS(三種主要的嚴格責任):? INJURIES CAUSED BY ANIMALS(動物造成的傷害): a. 3 CATEGORIES: (1) DOMESTICATED ANIMALS (家畜) (a) GEN. RULE一般規定: NO SL, UNLESS OWNER KNOWS OF ANIMALS vicious (DANGEROUS)PROPENSITIES. 如飼主知其危險性則為嚴格責任 i) Every dog gets one free bite. (咬一次法則) a) First time Ds dog bites P, if sues in SL, D can claim did not know that dog would bite NO SL, but perhaps neg. (exception- you will SL you have knowledge of the dog’s vicious) b) Second time Ds dog bites ON NOTICE THAT DOG VICIOUS. ? 德國牧羊犬 具有兇惡習性 但從未咬過人 飼主 被害人 (2) WILD ANIMALS (野生動物) (a) GEN. RULE: SL NO MATTER WHAT. 嚴格責任 i) If keep wild animals, liab. no matter how many precautions you take. a) ie. lions, tigers, or bears.(Do not care how careful you have been) Killer Bee 西伯利亞虎 Ultra-Hazardous Actvities or Abnormally Dangerous Activities (異常危險活動) a. Three part test: 三段測試 (1) Cannot be made safe given the existing technology (在現今科技下無法確保安全性) (2) Activity has risk of serious harm (該活動存在嚴重的風險) (3) Activity is uncommon in the community (該活動並非尋常於該社群) (also caused the harm)? b. EXAMPLES THAT MEET THIS TEST: (1) BLASTING (explosives) i.e. TNT 炸藥 (2) 有毒化學物質 (3). 放射線或核能汙染 c. (1) Q THAT GIVES EXTENSIVE INFO. (給予警告仍無法免責) ABOUT THE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS they are irrelevant b/c if ultra-hazardous SL (不可) (2) Q when