专业英语翻译 subsoils and foundation.docVIP

Loadings in buildings consist of the combined dead and imposed loads which exert a downward pressure upon the soil on which the structure is founded and this in turn promotes a reactive force in the form of an upward pressure from the soil. The structure is in effect sandwiched between these opposite pressures and the design of the building must be able to resist the resultant stresses set up within the structural members and the general building fabric. The supporting subsoil must be able to develop sufficient reactive force to give stability to the structure to prevent failure due to unequal settlement and to prevent failure of the subsoil due to shear. To enable a designer to select, design and detail a suitable foundation he (she) must have adequate data regarding the nature of the soil on which the structure will be founded and this is normally obtained from a planned soil investigation programmer. 作用在建筑物上的恒荷载和外加荷载，会给建筑结构所处的地基土体施加一个向下的力，反过来，地基土也会产生一个向上的反作用力（作用到建筑结构上）建筑结构在反作用力的作用下必须是（完好的）有效的，建筑设计（必须考虑）能够抵抗来自建筑结构构件和普通房屋结构的合应力。为了防止由于不均匀沉降而导致的结构破坏，为了避免地基土发生剪切破坏，为上部结构提供支撑的天然地基必须具有足够的承载力来保证上部结构的稳定性。设计师必须要掌握大量的建筑物所在位置的土体性质的资料，当然，这些资料是从初步土质勘察说明中获得的 ，只有这样，设计师才能更顺利地对基础进行选型，设计并能绘出所选合适基础的详图。 Soil investigation. Soil investigation is specific in its requirements whereas site investigation is all embracing, taking into account such factor as topography, location of existing services, means of access and any local restrictions. Soil investigation is a means of obtaining data regarding the properties and characteristics of subsoils by providing samples for testing or providing a means of access for visual inspection. The actual data required and the amount of capital which can be reasonably expended on any soil investigation programme will depend upon the type of structure proposed and how much previous knowledge the designer has of a particular region or site 土样勘测。考虑地形,位置,和限制。土壤调查的一种手段。所需的实际数据和可以花费在任何土壤调查取决于结构的类型和设计 Classification of soils. Soils may be classified by any