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Official reprint from UpToDate?  ?2015 UpToDate? Print | Back Basic principles of medical lasers AuthorHenri G Colt, MD Section EditorHilary Sanfey, MD Deputy EditorKathryn A Collins, MD, PhD, FACS Disclosures: Henri G Colt, MD Nothing to disclose. Hilary Sanfey, MD Nothing to disclose. Kathryn A Collins, MD, PhD, FACS Nothing to disclose. Contributor disclosures are reviewed for conflicts of interest by the editorial group. When found, these are addressed by vetting through a multi-level review process, and through requirements for references to be provided to support the content. Appropriately referenced content is required of all authors and must conform to UpToDate standards of evidence. Conflict of interest policy All topics are updated as new evidence becomes available and our peer review process is complete. Literature review current through: Jul 2015. | This topic last updated: Jan 07, 2014. INTRODUCTION?—?Lasers are devices that emit a single, coherent wavelength of electromagnetic radiation that is used to cut, coagulate or ablate tissue for a variety of clinical applications. Laser systems produce a variety of wavelengths of varying pulse duration and energy levels. Computer-based imaging and guidance systems allow procedures to be performed precisely, quickly and with greater control. Although lasers are commonly used superficially for cutaneous and ocular applications, smaller, efficient laser delivery systems are available for minimally-invasive applications including endoscopy, bronchoscopy, laparoscopy and endovenous ablation. The safe and appropriate use of lasers requires a trained clinician with a working knowledge of laser delivery systems and laser-tissue interactions to achieve the desired clinical effect while minimizing complications. The basic principles of medical lasers will be reviewed here. The use and effectiveness of lasers for specific clinical indications are discussed in separate topic reviews. (See Clinical utility of la