上消化道出血内镜表现和治疗.pptVIP

* * 上 消 化 道 出 血 With the inverted gastroscope a spurting hemorrhage from a fundal varice is discerbnable. Hemostasis is achieved with several low volume injections of Histoacryl - glue. The right picture shows the therapeutic success. This massive vessel with active bleeding was diagnosed in a 58 year- old patient, who presented with tary stools. The first picture shows the lesion after injection of fibrin glue. The right picture shows additionally applied hemoclips. Bleeding stopped at the end of the procedure, but reccurred twice before the patient had to be treated surgically. In dieu-la-foy ulcers an arterial vessel of abnormal size reaches the mucosa causing a tiny ulzeration by permanent compression of the mucosal layer. Esophageal varices grade II (right) und grade III (left). Cherry red spots are signs of imminent hemorrhage (right). They correspond to areas of especially thin and altered variceal wall. This duodenal ulcer at the left edge of the figure, shows an oozing, active bleeding. According to the Forrest classification of gastrointestinal hemorrhage of the upper GI- tract, this bleeding is graded as Forrest Ib. The visible vessel is treated by primary application of a hemoclip. At the 3 week follow- up (fig )the Clip is still in the original position. The ulcer shows a progressive healing. Inoperable choledochal cancer. A wall stent had been inserted 3 months earlier. The patient was admitted for severe hemorrhage, which was endoscopically proved to originate from the biliary duct. The hemorrhage was not amenable to endoscopy and surgery. Huge blood clots prolapse from the biliary duct. 临床表现 呕血与黑粪 失血性周围循环衰竭 血象变化 发热 氮质血症 诊 断 思 路 是上消化道出血吗? 出了多少血? 出血停止了吗? 什么原因引起的出血? 上消化道出血的确立 呕血和黑粪,失血性周围循环衰竭,血和粪便 的检查 早期识别:直肠指诊 排除消化道以外的病因:咯血、口鼻咽出血、 事物或药物 出血量的估计 粪便隐血试验阳性 每日消化道出血＞5~10ml 黑粪 50~100ml 呕血 250~300ml 出现全身症状