初中英语句子成分讲解简单明了附练习答案.docVIP

初中英语句子成分 句子的成分：句子的成分是指组成句子的各个部分，即：主语、谓语表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语主要成分主语 和 谓语次要成分表语、宾语、补足语定语、状语主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等。在there be结构、疑问（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语动词、助动词或情态动词后面。 例如：Tom is a good boy. (名词) We often speak English in class. (代词) One-third of the students in this class are girls. (数词) To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式) Smoking does harm to the health. (动名词) The rich should help the poor. (名词化形容词) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主语从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it为形式主语，真正的主语是不定式) （二）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。例如：He practices running every morning. （动词短语） 复合谓语：（1）由（情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形）构成； 例如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由（系动词+表语）构成。 We are having a quick breakfast. （三） 表语：表语用说明主语的身份、特征和状态，表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及从句充当。它一般位于系动词（如be, keep, remain, become, get. grow, turn, look, seem, feel, smell, sound, taste等）之后。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。 如： My mother is a doctor. (名词) Is it yours? (代词) The weather has turned cold. （形容词） The speech is exciting. （现在分词） The door is closed. （过去分词） Three times seven is twenty one. （数词） His job is to teach English. （不定式） His hobby is playing football. （动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over. (副词) The truth is that he has never been abroad. （表语从句） （四） 宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面名词化的形容词如： They went to see an exhibition yesterday. （名词） The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. （代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have three. （数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday. （名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me. （不定式