国际支付与结算考试重点整理.doc

国际结算： swift的特点、具体情况提供的服务（第一章） 答：定义：society for worldwide interbank financial telecommunications, a computerized international telecommunications system that, through standardized formatted messages, rapidly processes and transmits financial transactions and information among its members around the world。 特点：Quick and cheap; Secure and reliable; Standardized forms. 两种分类：FIN (Financial Application) IFT (Interbank File Transfer) 国际结算两个账户的含义；美元、欧元外汇清算体系特点（第二章） 答：国际结算定义：International payments or international settlements are financial activities conducted among different countries in which payments are effected or funds are transferred from one country to another in order to settle accounts, debts, etc., emerged in the course of political, economic or cultural contacts among them. 银行往来两个账户： nostro account: due from account, the foreign currency account of a major bank with the foreign banks abroad to facilitate international payments and settlements. Vostro account: due to account, the account held by a bank on behalf of a correspondent bank. 美元清算体系： FEDWIRE: a fund transfer system operated nationwide in the USA by the Federal Reserve System to transfer funds from one financial institution to another with an account balance held with the Fed. Procedures of Fed Wire: A payer gives an instruction to a bank in which the payer has an available balance; The paying bank passes instructions on to the Fed to move value from the bank’s reserve balance account to the reserve balance account of another bank in which the payee has an account; The Fed credits the reserve account of the payee’s bank and debits the reserve account of the payer’s bank. The Fed Wire provides a confirmation number to the payer so that the transaction can be traced; When a bank receives an incoming wire, the receiving firm is given notification that value has been received 欧元清算系统： TARGET: Trans-Europe Automated Real-time Gross Settlement Express Transfer System, a real-time gross settlement sy