Intellectual Paradigms in Public Administration 中文翻译.docVIP

Intellectual Paradigms in Public Administration Why So Many and How to Bridge Them? Jiahuan Lu University of Maryland 为何公共行政学存在如此众多的管理思想范式？ 两者之间有何关联？ 美国马里兰大学---刘佳欢 The notion of paradigm has become ubiquitous since its inception by Thomas Kuhn as a way to understand the history of science. Paradigms, Kuhn writes, are “universally recognized scientific achievements that for a time provide model problems and solutions to a community of practitioners”. Within a specific paradigm, Gutting further explains, there is “an acceptance that is so strong it eliminates the need for further discussion of foundational questions about the subject-matter and methodology of the disciplined and enables the discipline to devote most of its energy to puzzle-solving”. The history of scientific development, according to Kuhn, is thus largely characterized by a succession of different paradigms, or paradigm shifts. 范式概念自托马斯·库恩提出后,便普遍成为解读科学史的途径。库恩写到：“范式是举世公认的科学成就，为一段时期的社会实践提供了解决问题的模板和解决方案”。古亭进一步解释说：“在一个特定的范式里，通常关于主题素材和方法学的缜密性，它省去了对其基本问题的进一步讨论，而是致力于难题的攻克”。根据库恩的理论，在一个又一个不同范式的承接、或范式转换之下，也因此显露出科学发展史的特性。 Actually, Kuhn used the concept of paradigm mostly within the domain of natural sciences and was hesitant to expand it to the social sciences, which he believed were characterized by a “tradition of claims, counterclaims, and debates over fundamentals”. Indeed, in most social sciences, paradigm shift is rare. Rather more frequent is “paradigm parallel,” the coexistence of several competing paradigms. Public administration is no exception. After the collapse of the orthodoxy, a consensus on big questions in public administration has never been achieved , such as what public administration is, how to acquire knowledge, what type of knowledge (scientific or interpretative) to pursue, and the relationships between public administration and other disciplines, such as political science and business management. As a result, competing paradigms have emerged to provide their own answers a