哈姆雷特、罗密欧和朱莉叶及十四行诗翻译.doc

about Hamlet Hamlet is considered to be the summit of Shakespeare’s art. It was written in 1601-1602 and first published in 1603. Hamlet is the profoundest expression of Shakespeare’s humanism and his criticism of contemporary life. The story: The king of Denmark, is recently dead, and his brother Claudius has assumed the throne and married his widow Gertrude. Young Hamlet learns from the ghost of his father that Claudius murdered him by pouring poison into his ear, and is commanded to avenge the murder without injuring Gertrude. Hamlet tells the story to his best friend Horatio and plans to pretend to be mad at first. He welcomes a group of visiting players, and arranges a performance of a play about fratricide (crime of killing one’s brother or sister), which Claudius breaks off, in apparently guilty and fearful fury, when one of the players appears to murder his uncle by pouring poison into his ear. Hamlet refrains from killing Claudius while he is at prayer, but kills Polonius by mistake. Polonius is his lover Ophelia’s father. Claudius sends Hamlet to England with sealed orders that he should be killed on arrival. However, Hamlet outwits his murderers and returns to Denmark. During Hamlet’s absence, Ophelia has gone mad with grief from Hamlet’s rejection of her and her father’s death, and is found drowned. Her brother Laertes returns from France intent on avenging his sister’s death. Hamlet and Laertes meet in the graveyard where Ophelia is to be buried, and fight in her grave. Claudius arranges a fencing match between Hamlet and Laertes, giving the latter a poisoned foil; in a scuffle (混战) an exchange of weapons results in the deaths of both fighters, not before Gertrude has drunk a poisoned cup intended for her son, and the dying Hamlet has succeeded in killing Claudius. Translation of the selected part of Hamlet: 生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得思考的问题；默默忍受命运的暴虐的毒箭，或是挺身反抗人世的无涯的苦难，通过斗争把它们扫清，这两种行为，哪一种更高贵？死了；睡着了；什么都完了；要是在这一种睡眠中，我们心头的创痛，以及其他无数血肉之躯所不能避免的打击，都可以从此消失，那正是我们求之不得的结局。死了；睡着了