托福写作知识点全.docx

托福写作课上全部知识点总结：先复习下综合写作：综合写作评分标准A response at this level successfully selects the important information from the lecture这条告诉我们，听力特别重要 and coherently and accurately presents this information in relation to the relevant information presented in the reading 突出relationship，突出文章和听力的对比 写阅读的时候必须要出现和听力的对比 写听力的时候必须要出现和阅读的对比. The response is well organized, 文章写4个段落就可以了，其中包含1个开头段和3个例子段开头段里要突出阅读的开头段和听力的开头段的内容 first， second， final，这三段里要突出每段的听力和阅读的对比内容and occasional language errors that are present do not result in inaccurate or imprecise presentation of content or connections.允许你出现一定的语法和拼写的错误，但是不要大于3处，大于3处倒扣分如何避免：1. 常犯的错误在于时态比如： the reading state that…. 三单缺S方法： 所有动词全部用过去时 （评分标准里面并没有强调说一定要用过去时，但是为了避免一般现在时出现的S， 推荐使用过去式）如果不用过去时，该用什么时态：就一般现在时 保证全文的时态相一致，不要写阅读用一般现在时，写听力又用了过去时推荐词汇的替换：表示阅读： reading material author writer passage表示听力： listening material professor lecture lecturer speaker表示陈述： state say argue claim point insist show point out discuss表示每段里的反驳： 不用怎么讲究 however， nevertheless But附上模板：The reading material made the point that ___总结阅读的总论点_________. In contrast, the listening material insisted that ______总结听力的总论点_______.First, the writer discussed that ___阅读的本段论点_________. ____阅读的本段论据__________. The lecturer, however, held a different view that ___听力的本段论点______________. ______听力的本段论据_____________. ____听力的本段论据_______________. ____________听力的本段论据______________.在second和third那段我写了比较多的“本段论据”这一条，但是并不意味着一定会出现很多论据。 只是单纯地希望你们在second和final这2段多写点内容，因为这2段听力的内容比较多Second, the passage stated that ___阅读的本段论点_________. ____阅读的本段论据__________. The speaker, however, argued that ___听力的本段论点______________. ______听力的本段论据_____________. ____听力的本段论据_______________. ____________听力的本段论据______________. Finally, the author said that ___阅读的本段论点_________. ____阅读的本段论据__________. The professor, however, showed that ___听力的本段论点______________. ______听力的本段论据_____________. ____听力的本段论据_______________. ____________听力的本段论据______________.独立写作：Should people review the past?~希望你们在提出观点的时候最好能做到First,