Ice-Skating复习资料.docx

Winter Olympic Games冬季奥运会Speed Skating 速度滑冰History 历史The first recorded competition in speed skating took place in Norway in 1863. While the International Skating Union (ISU) held its first championships in 1893, one year after the formation of the Union.有记载的首次速度滑冰比赛1863年在挪威举行。荷兰在1889年主办了首届世界锦标赛，1892年国际滑冰联合会（ISU）成立，一年后举办了首届世界锦标赛。Speed skating has been on the Olympic Winter programmer ever since 1924. Women first competed at the Olympics in 1932 when it was a demonstration sport. Women’s speed skating as a full medal sport began in 1960.速度滑冰运动是1924年首届冬奥会的项目之一，女子项目1932年作为表演赛参加了奥运会，在1960年的冬奥会才成为正式比赛项目。Rule 规则Men compete in the 500-meter, 1000 meter, 1500 meter, 5000 meter and 10000 meter events. Women compete in the 500-meter, 1000 meter, 1500 meter, 3000 meter and 5000 meter events.男子项目包括：500米、1000米、1500米、5000米和10000米。女子项目包括：500米、1000米、1500米、3000米和5000米。Field of play 场地Long track speed skaters race in pairs on a 400-meter, oval-shaped track. 长道速滑选手两人一组在400米长的椭圆形赛道上比赛。crossover换道区Each skater stays in a separate lane and races in a counterclockwise direction. Because the inside lane is shorter than the outside lane, skaters switch lanes at a predetermined crossover point somewhere on the backstretch.每名选手在自己的的跑道内，逆时针方向滑行。由于内道比外道短，选手在提前设定好的非终点直道上的交叉点换道。During the crossover, the skater in the outside lane has the right of way.在换道区，外道选手有权先进内道。Skaters start either side-by-side or staggered, depending on the distance of the race. Each skater is allowed one warning for a false start before disqualification. 根据比赛距离的长短，运动员出发方式可分为并肩式和梯形式。每名选手最多允许一次起跑犯规，否则失去比赛资格。During competitions, long track skaters wearing a white armband start in the inner lane; skaters wearing a red armband start in the outer lane.比赛时，长道选手要佩戴臂章指明自身赛道的位置，内道出发的选手佩戴白色臂章，外道出发的选手佩戴红色臂章。Equipment 器材Suits: Speed skaters wear special skin-tight racing suits that are designed to reduce wind resistance. Racing suits include a hood that is worn over the head for minimum air drag and maximum speed.服装：速滑选手身着特制的紧身的滑冰服，用来减少