语言学概论Chap7语言学概论Chap7.ppt

I. Quick check Give examples of conceptual metaphor and metonymy. Chapter 7 Language, Culture and Society II. Warm-up questions 1. Can you use one or two sentences to summarize the relation between language and culture? 2. Can language determine the pattern of a culture? 3. Is it possible to learn a foreign language well without understanding the culture? 4. What does sociolinguistics study? 5. Can you give examples to illustrate how social or situational factors affect language use? 6. What are some of the common problems / difficulties we might encounter in intercultural communication? III. Major points to study 1. Relation between language and culture; 2. Relation between language use and society; 3. Major problems in intercultural communication. IV. Discussion of the major points 1. Relation between language and culture: 1) Language is an important part of culture: (1) There has been no culture without language; (2) Language is used everyday and by all people; (3) Language has a great impact on the development of culture: e.g. A. Recording history; B. Transmitting culture from generation to generation; C. Disseminating culture; D. Conceptualizing and regulating people’s ideas and thoughts; E. Forming and strengthening the cohesion of a nation. 2) Culture is reflected in language in all aspects: words, idioms and proverbs, grammar, ways to use language, etc.: e.g. Chinese: 松柏 牛 谢谢 English: pine cow thank you (when to use it) 3) Language may not be decisive in shaping a people’s thinking patterns or cultural patterns, but it has a great impact on it (See p.150: Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis – the strong version and the weak version.) 2. Relation between language use and society: The SPEAKING model of communicative context (D.H. Hymes, 1974)(See p.158): 1) S: (speech) situation / setting and scene 场景: Physical setting/psychological scene of the speech act; 2) P: partic