句子的翻译：主语的确定及避免汉语思维负迁移造成的错误 4.ppt

Negative transfer: Chinese thinking mode, which has been implanted into our sub-consciousness, will easily lead to some mistakes in our C-E translation. Can you translate a Chinese sentence into English correctly? Comparison and Contrast of Syntax Between C E Chinese：parataxis意合 (the placing of related clauses, etc. in a series without the use of connecting words ) English：hypotaxis形合 (the dependent relation of a clause or construction on another) 你来，我就走。 If you come, Ill go. 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. Comparison and Contrast of Syntax Between C E Chinese：topic-prominent 主题显著( the subject does not have to be the topic) English：subject-prominent 主语显著( the subject is always the topic) 学院请来一位洋教师，长得挺怪，红脸，金发，连鬓大胡须，有几根胡子一直逾过面颊，挨近鼻子。 Our institute employed an English teacher. He looked very strange -- red faced, golden-haired, with a thick growth of whiskers that reached all the way to the nose. Chinese: a cluster of bamboo ( all the individual parts form the overall view) English: a tree (the most important part lies in its root and stem) the subject-predicate pivot, like the tree’s root and stem, is the foundation of an English sentence. In English sentences, subject dominates predicate, so the major concern in C-E translation can be boiled down to the determination of the subject. 汉英主语形式差异 determination of the subject A. Use the original subject 如果说，词汇是语言的“建筑材料”，那么，句子便是文章的“基本部件”。 If vocabulary is the “building materials” for language, sentences are the “fundamental parts” of writings. 帮助真正的穷人，要比仅仅缩小贫富差距更有价值。 Helping the truly poor is much worthier than merely narrowing inequalities. B. Re-select a subject 他的身材魁梧，生一副大长方脸，嘴巴阔大，肌肤呈着紫檀色。 He was a giant of a man with a long square face, a wide mouth and a complexion suffused with the color of red sandalwood. 以往的国际文献认为，印度是亚洲水稻的原产地。 Previously, in the international literature, India was said to be the country where Asian rice originated. c.