Argument 课堂笔记.docxVIP

Analysis of an argument preparing strategies 1, 熟读题目2, 闪光句型3, critical thinking 4, 形成各类问题自己的分析思路（模板）5, 列每道题提纲6, 全文练习10-20篇Argument writing steps 1, 审题，画逻辑链2, 分析评价每个环节3, 确定要写的环节（列提纲）4, 结合模板展开审题：分清论据和结论，看清推理关系写作原则逻辑：切中要害语言：言简意赅词汇：正规书面语言句式：变化，适度复杂How to write the introduction Basic elements Concession (Cc) Description (D) Conclusion (cl) Evidence/Assumption (ev) Feature (f) Suggestion (S) Evaluation (El) 基本写法D + El Cl + Ev + El 【Evidence与conclusion合并表达】In this argument, the arguer cites the evidence that … to reach the conclusion that …By citing the evidence that … , the arguer concludes that …fallacies in topics 题目中常见缺陷1, flaws in evidence 论据中的问题1) Problems about surveys 调查类问题Procedure of a typical survey 分子群体 (sub-groups) 确定子群体比例 (percentage) 随机取样 (Randomly select sample) A, selective sample 选择性样本Example : A 137 (p63) Many teachers were actually excluded from the survey. The result of the survey lacks credibility because……The result of the survey lacks credibility, therefore could not lend strong support to what the arguer maintains. cause-effect fallacy: The arguer fails to establish the causal relationship between A and B. Example 2: A 108 (p55) Without detailed information about the subscribers of ‘Cheese of the World’, we cannot determine whether they are representative of all consumers. The author does not provide any information about the actual profit of domestic and imported cheeses respectively. B, Do the statistics make any difference?调查是否有意义Example : A 81 (p48) In the absence of / For lack of /Lacking / Without / Absent data concerning the total amount of tuna cans sold The argument treats a lack of proof that the cans may pose some extent of health risk as constituting sufficient proof that the cans were not responsible for any of the sickness. C, quantity of the sample 样本的数量Example : A 113 (p56) The sample is too limited. How about other graduates? The arguer commits a fallacy of false analogy. Are these companies comparable? D, What question was asked i