心理学专业外语：Idiographic VS. nomothetic approaches to psychology.docxVIP

Idiographic VS. nomothetic approaches to psychology心理学之特殊规律与一般规律研究法Nomothetic approach VS Idiographic approach一般（普遍）规律研究法 VS 特殊规律研究法Definitions 定义Assumptionsmethods 研究假设和研究方法Examples from psychology 心理学实例Advantages 优点Disadvantages 缺点Compromise 折衷Nomothetic approach - DefinitionsThe approach of investigating large groups of people to try to find general laws of behaviour that apply to everyone.此研究方法通过调查大群体的人，试图找到适用于每个人的普遍行为规律。Idiographic approach - DefinitionsThe approach of investigating individuals in personal, in-depth, detail to achieve a unique understanding of them.此研究方法通过对个体进行个人的、深入的、详细的调查，以获得关于他们的独特理解。Nomothetic approach-AssumptionsMethodsThe nomothetic approach (from the Greek word ‘nomos’ meaning ‘law’) assumes that since individuals are merely complex combinations of many universal laws, people are best studied by large scale, preferably experimental, methods to identify those laws.一般规律研究法（源自希腊词汇‘nomos’,意思是‘规律’）假设，既然个体只是许多普遍规律的复杂结合体，那么在对人们进行研究时最好通过大规模的、更适宜的实验方法来证实这些规律。 The individual will be classified with others, measured as a score upon a dimension, or be a statistic supporting a general principle.这一个体将会与其他人进行分类，在一个维度上测得一个分数或一个典型统计量来支持一个一般原则。Idiographic approach-AssumptionsMethodsThe idiographic approach (from the Greek ‘idios’ meaning ‘private or personal’) assumes that since each human is unique, they are best investigated by the case study method to provide a more complete and global understanding of the individual特殊规律研究法（源自希腊词汇‘idios’，意思是‘私人的’或‘个体的’）假设，既然每个人都是与众不同的，因此最好采用个案研究法对他们进行研究，以提供对于个体的更完整、更全面的理解。 Individuals are studied using more flexible, long term and detailed procedures and may be put ‘in a class of their own’.采用更加灵活、长期的和详细的程序对个体进行研究并且这些个体可能被安置在“他们自己的班级里”。Nomothetic approach-Examples from psychologyNomothetic research is the main approach taken in scientifically orientated psychology:一般规律研究法是科学取向的心理学主要使用的研究方法： The behaviourists’ experiments on the principles of learning were conducted on many subjects, and replicated until the general