心理学专业英语翻译.docVIP

Aggression –social learning theory of aggression 攻击-攻击的社会学习理论 SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY AND AGGRESSION 社会学习理论和攻击行为 Social learning theory was developed mainly by Bandura and Walters,and suggests that aggression is learnt from the environment(rather than being an inner drive )through reinforcement and the process of modelling.Modelling involves learning through the observation of other people (model),which may lead to imitation if the behaviour to be imitated leads to desirable consequences. 社会学习理论主要是由班杜拉和Walters发展的，攻击性行为是通过强化和榜样的作用从环境中习得的（而不是一个内在驱动）。榜样行为是指观察学习其他人的行为，如果这些行为被模仿，也许能导致理想的后果。 Bandula distinguished between the learing of aggressing behaviour and the performance of it .Aggessition may be learnt from models through observation ,but the likelihood of it being imitated depends on the perceived consequences of the model’s aggression if a child sees a model’s aggression being rewarded,this acts as vicarious (indirect) reinforcement for the child who will proceed to imitate it .If the child sees aggression in others punished then ,although the behaviour is learnt,it is less likely to be imitated . 班杜拉把攻击性行为的习得和攻击性行为的表现区分开来。攻击性行为可能是通过观察榜样的行为习得的，但是被模仿的可能性依赖于榜样攻击性的知觉结果，如果一个儿童看到榜样的攻击行为受到奖励，这种表现会促使儿童去模仿该行为。如果儿童看到这种行为受到惩罚，即使习得了这种行为，他们也会很少去模仿他。 Models can be parents,peers or media characters(thus this theory has implications for the portrayal of violence on television). 榜样可以是父母、同辈或媒体的角色（因此这一理论已影响到电视上对暴力的描述） SUPPORTING EVIDENCE 证据 Bandura et al(1963) allowed one group of children to watch an adult model perform certain aggressive acts with an inflatable`Bobo doll`which were unlikely to occur normally ,such as throwing the doll upin the air,hittingit with a hammer and punchingit while saying things like`pow`and `boom`.When these children were left in a playroom with the inflatable doll ,they frequently imitated the same acts of aggression,compared to a control group who had not seen the model and showed none of the behaviours. 在1963年，班杜拉让一群孩子观看成人榜样对现实中不太可能出现的可以充